Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes resilience in the context of mental health?
Which of the following best describes resilience in the context of mental health?
- The ability to maintain a constant state of happiness.
- The ability to diagnose mental illnesses in oneself and others.
- The propensity to avoid difficult emotions and situations.
- The capacity to secure necessary resources for well-being. (correct)
What is a common consequence of stigma in mental illness?
What is a common consequence of stigma in mental illness?
- Perceived social disgrace and shame. (correct)
- Increased access to mental health resources.
- Improved self-awareness among the affected.
- Enhanced community support for affected individuals.
In the mental health continuum, how is general well-being characterized?
In the mental health continuum, how is general well-being characterized?
- By frequent episodes of mental illness.
- By permanent emotional stability.
- By the absence of any form of dissatisfaction.
- By high-level functioning with occasional stress. (correct)
Which of the following is NOT an attribute of mental health?
Which of the following is NOT an attribute of mental health?
What forms of alteration may individuals with mental illness experience?
What forms of alteration may individuals with mental illness experience?
Which statement accurately describes milieu therapy?
Which statement accurately describes milieu therapy?
What is one implication of the mental health continuum for treatment?
What is one implication of the mental health continuum for treatment?
Which attribute of mental health relates directly to a person's ability to manage stress?
Which attribute of mental health relates directly to a person's ability to manage stress?
What typically distinguishes mental illness from mild emotional problems?
What typically distinguishes mental illness from mild emotional problems?
Which of the following disorders is least likely to be classified under neurodevelopment disorders?
Which of the following disorders is least likely to be classified under neurodevelopment disorders?
What defines the range of recovery for individuals with severe mental illness?
What defines the range of recovery for individuals with severe mental illness?
Which category would not be considered an example of disorders listed in DSM-5?
Which category would not be considered an example of disorders listed in DSM-5?
What is a significant characteristic of individuals experiencing mild depression or generalized anxiety disorder?
What is a significant characteristic of individuals experiencing mild depression or generalized anxiety disorder?
Which nursing level is best suited for providing specialized psychiatric care?
Which nursing level is best suited for providing specialized psychiatric care?
Which of the following represents a characteristic of mental health and mental illness continuum?
Which of the following represents a characteristic of mental health and mental illness continuum?
Which of these is considered a chronic mental health condition?
Which of these is considered a chronic mental health condition?
What is the primary focus of Dorothea Orem's theory in nursing?
What is the primary focus of Dorothea Orem's theory in nursing?
Which theorist is associated with the development of the school of thought referred to as behaviorism?
Which theorist is associated with the development of the school of thought referred to as behaviorism?
In the context of classical conditioning, which stimulus was originally neutral in Pavlov’s experiment?
In the context of classical conditioning, which stimulus was originally neutral in Pavlov’s experiment?
What does Betty Neuman's model primarily emphasize in nursing?
What does Betty Neuman's model primarily emphasize in nursing?
Which of the following best describes the function of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in treating mental illness?
Which of the following best describes the function of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in treating mental illness?
What is a key premise of the biological model of mental illness?
What is a key premise of the biological model of mental illness?
Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with Joyce Travelbee's theory?
Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with Joyce Travelbee's theory?
What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggest regarding changes in maladaptive behavior?
What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggest regarding changes in maladaptive behavior?
What are the two levels of certification for nurses in holistic nursing?
What are the two levels of certification for nurses in holistic nursing?
How many hours of continuing education are required every year for holistic nursing certification?
How many hours of continuing education are required every year for holistic nursing certification?
Which of the following conditions can mindfulness approaches help with?
Which of the following conditions can mindfulness approaches help with?
What does homeopathy use to stimulate the body's self-defense mechanisms?
What does homeopathy use to stimulate the body's self-defense mechanisms?
Naturopathy emphasizes __________ restoration rather than disease treatment.
Naturopathy emphasizes __________ restoration rather than disease treatment.
What is a belief underlying naturopathy?
What is a belief underlying naturopathy?
At which stage of Erikson's development do individuals focus on forming attachment to their mother?
At which stage of Erikson's development do individuals focus on forming attachment to their mother?
What is the primary psychosocial crisis in early childhood according to Erikson?
What is the primary psychosocial crisis in early childhood according to Erikson?
Which stage of Erikson's development is associated with the crisis of initiative versus guilt?
Which stage of Erikson's development is associated with the crisis of initiative versus guilt?
The primary psychosocial crisis during adolescence is ___ versus role confusion.
The primary psychosocial crisis during adolescence is ___ versus role confusion.
What is resilience?
What is resilience?
What does mental illness refer to?
What does mental illness refer to?
The stage of generativity versus self-absorption occurs in late adulthood.
The stage of generativity versus self-absorption occurs in late adulthood.
Match the stage of Erikson's development with its crisis:
Match the stage of Erikson's development with its crisis:
What approach does milieu therapy provide?
What approach does milieu therapy provide?
What is 'stigma' as defined in the content?
What is 'stigma' as defined in the content?
Which of the following is not an attribute of mental health?
Which of the following is not an attribute of mental health?
Stigma is defined as a positive perception of people's worth.
Stigma is defined as a positive perception of people's worth.
What is the first choice for patients when ill according to the treatment modalities?
What is the first choice for patients when ill according to the treatment modalities?
The goal of emergency services is to perform ___ and stabilization.
The goal of emergency services is to perform ___ and stabilization.
The most severely affected individuals fall into the mental illness portion of the _____ continuum.
The most severely affected individuals fall into the mental illness portion of the _____ continuum.
What is the DSM-5 used for?
What is the DSM-5 used for?
What is 'milieu' in the context of treatment settings?
What is 'milieu' in the context of treatment settings?
Who developed the interpersonal theory in nursing?
Who developed the interpersonal theory in nursing?
Match the following nursing theorists with their focus of theory:
Match the following nursing theorists with their focus of theory:
Freud believed that all mental illness is caused by early intrapsychic conflict.
Freud believed that all mental illness is caused by early intrapsychic conflict.
What does classical conditioning theory describe?
What does classical conditioning theory describe?
Which method is a biological treatment for mental illness?
Which method is a biological treatment for mental illness?
What are the two levels for certification in holistic nursing?
What are the two levels for certification in holistic nursing?
Nurses need 48 hours of continuing education every two years to maintain certification in holistic nursing.
Nurses need 48 hours of continuing education every two years to maintain certification in holistic nursing.
What is the minimum experience required for certification in holistic nursing in the past five years?
What is the minimum experience required for certification in holistic nursing in the past five years?
Mindfulness approaches have been increasingly useful in conditions such as _____, anxiety, and chronic pain.
Mindfulness approaches have been increasingly useful in conditions such as _____, anxiety, and chronic pain.
What does Naturopathy emphasize?
What does Naturopathy emphasize?
Which alternative medicine uses dilutions of specially prepared substances?
Which alternative medicine uses dilutions of specially prepared substances?
Match Erikson's stages of development with their corresponding developmental tasks and crises:
Match Erikson's stages of development with their corresponding developmental tasks and crises:
What is the primary focus of the first stage of Gilligan's Stages of Moral Development?
What is the primary focus of the first stage of Gilligan's Stages of Moral Development?
What is the primary goal of emergency services in mental health care?
What is the primary goal of emergency services in mental health care?
According to Erikson, the outcome of the crisis in the early childhood stage is related to developing shame and doubt.
According to Erikson, the outcome of the crisis in the early childhood stage is related to developing shame and doubt.
The principle of ___________ in the postconventional level emphasizes nonviolence and the importance of caring for others.
The principle of ___________ in the postconventional level emphasizes nonviolence and the importance of caring for others.
Which treatment modality involves a focus on prevention and wellness, placing the patient at the center of care?
Which treatment modality involves a focus on prevention and wellness, placing the patient at the center of care?
What does the term 'milieu' refer to in mental health treatment?
What does the term 'milieu' refer to in mental health treatment?
What is one of the rights of patients in psychiatric care?
What is one of the rights of patients in psychiatric care?
What is the definition of resilience?
What is the definition of resilience?
What are the significant dysfunctions related to mental illnesses?
What are the significant dysfunctions related to mental illnesses?
Stigma refers to the belief that individuals with mental illness are flawless.
Stigma refers to the belief that individuals with mental illness are flawless.
Which of the following is NOT an attribute of mental health?
Which of the following is NOT an attribute of mental health?
What is milieu therapy?
What is milieu therapy?
Which disorders fall under the DSM-5 classifications?
Which disorders fall under the DSM-5 classifications?
What is countertransference?
What is countertransference?
What does psychodynamic therapy focus on?
What does psychodynamic therapy focus on?
Which theorist developed a model focusing on interpersonal problems?
Which theorist developed a model focusing on interpersonal problems?
What are the three major systems of personality according to Freud?
What are the three major systems of personality according to Freud?
What is the role of the superego?
What is the role of the superego?
Defense mechanisms operate consciously.
Defense mechanisms operate consciously.
What is classical conditioning?
What is classical conditioning?
Which nursing theorist focused on the importance of caring in nursing?
Which nursing theorist focused on the importance of caring in nursing?
What does the theory of psychosocial development address?
What does the theory of psychosocial development address?
What are the two certification levels for holistic nursing?
What are the two certification levels for holistic nursing?
A holistic nurse must have 2000 hours or 1 year of fulltime experience in holistic nursing within the past 5 years.
A holistic nurse must have 2000 hours or 1 year of fulltime experience in holistic nursing within the past 5 years.
How many hours of continuing education are required every year for holistic nursing certification?
How many hours of continuing education are required every year for holistic nursing certification?
What is the primary focus of mindfulness approaches?
What is the primary focus of mindfulness approaches?
Homeopathy uses ______ of specially prepared materials to stimulate healing.
Homeopathy uses ______ of specially prepared materials to stimulate healing.
Naturopathy emphasizes disease treatment rather than health restoration.
Naturopathy emphasizes disease treatment rather than health restoration.
What belief underlies naturopathic medicine?
What belief underlies naturopathic medicine?
What is the developmental task during the infancy stage?
What is the developmental task during the infancy stage?
Which stage involves developing autonomy versus shame and doubt?
Which stage involves developing autonomy versus shame and doubt?
In the school age stage, a sense of inferiority can develop.
In the school age stage, a sense of inferiority can develop.
What is the psychosocial crisis faced during adolescence?
What is the psychosocial crisis faced during adolescence?
In early adulthood, the conflict is between _____ and isolation.
In early adulthood, the conflict is between _____ and isolation.
What is the goal during the later years of life?
What is the goal during the later years of life?
What defines the Preconventional level of moral development?
What defines the Preconventional level of moral development?
What does Gilligan's Stages of Moral Development emphasize?
What does Gilligan's Stages of Moral Development emphasize?
What is an example of primary care?
What is an example of primary care?
Community Mental Health Centers provide services across the lifespan.
Community Mental Health Centers provide services across the lifespan.
Milieu refers to the _____ and physical environment within therapeutic contexts.
Milieu refers to the _____ and physical environment within therapeutic contexts.
Match the following stages with their goals in Gilligan's Stages of Moral Development:
Match the following stages with their goals in Gilligan's Stages of Moral Development:
What is resilience?
What is resilience?
Define mental illness.
Define mental illness.
Which of the following is NOT an attribute of mental health?
Which of the following is NOT an attribute of mental health?
What is milieu therapy?
What is milieu therapy?
The DSM-5 is a tool for collecting epidemiological statistics about the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
The DSM-5 is a tool for collecting epidemiological statistics about the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
Which of the following is a level in mental health nursing?
Which of the following is a level in mental health nursing?
What does countertransference refer to?
What does countertransference refer to?
What is the primary focus of interpersonal therapy?
What is the primary focus of interpersonal therapy?
Which of the following best describes Freud's concept of the ego?
Which of the following best describes Freud's concept of the ego?
According to Freud, the __________ includes all repressed memories and unacceptable urges.
According to Freud, the __________ includes all repressed memories and unacceptable urges.
What therapy developed by Ivan Pavlov is an example of classical conditioning?
What therapy developed by Ivan Pavlov is an example of classical conditioning?
Freud believed that human development proceeds through five stages called __________.
Freud believed that human development proceeds through five stages called __________.
What is the significance of Hildegard Peplau's work in psychiatric nursing?
What is the significance of Hildegard Peplau's work in psychiatric nursing?
Match the following nursing theorists with their contributions:
Match the following nursing theorists with their contributions:
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Definitions
- Resilience: Capacity to secure resources supporting well-being.
- Mental Illness: Psychiatric disorders with definable diagnoses causing significant dysfunctions (e.g., Alzheimer’s affects thought, depression affects emotions, schizophrenia impacts behavior).
- Stigma: Negative perception associated with mental illness, leading to social shunning and disgrace.
- Milieu Therapy: Structured therapeutic environment created collaboratively with patients, families, and healthcare clinicians.
Attributes of Mental Health
- Rationale thinking and effective coping skills.
- Resilience, self-control, and self-awareness.
- Spiritual satisfaction, happiness, and joy.
- Importance of self-care and positive self-concept.
- Learning, productivity, and effective communication.
- Establishment of meaningful relationships.
Mental Health Continuum
- Spectrum from mental health to mental illness; individuals can fluctuate along this continuum.
- Mental Health End: Characterized by well-being and functioning at adequate to high levels; minor stress may pose temporary challenges.
- Mental Illness End: Involves emotional problems and significant impairments (e.g., depression, anxiety) with chronic or long-term effects.
- Recovery is possible, ranging from slight improvements to fulfilling life.
DSM-5
- Tool for collecting epidemiological statistics on psychiatric disorders, including:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Schizophrenia spectrum disorders
- Bipolar and related disorders
- Depressive, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders
- Dissociative, somatic symptom, sleep-wake, and sexual dysfunction disorders
- Neurocognitive and personality disorders
- Substance-related and paraphilia disorders
Nursing Levels in Mental Health
- Basic Level Registered Nurse: General or specialty care post-nursing program.
- Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse (PMH-RN): Specializes in psychiatric mental health; educational paths include diploma, associate’s, or bachelor’s degrees.
Theories Influencing Nursing Practice
- Dorothea Orem: Focus on self-care as essential in nursing practice, particularly for the seriously mentally ill.
- Sister Callista Roy: Highlights the need for patient adaptation to cope with life changes.
- Betty Neuman: Emphasizes managing stressors impacting system equilibrium.
- Joyce Travelbee: Stresses meaning in nurse-patient relationships and effective communication.
Behavioral Theories and Therapies
- Classical Conditioning Theory: Ivan Pavlov’s research on the association between neutral and unconditioned stimuli (e.g., bell induces salivation).
- Behavioral Theory: John B. Watson’s behaviorism posits that behaviors are socially learned and measurable.
- Behavioral Therapy: Focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors without requiring insight into underlying causes; effective when goals are well-defined.
Biological Theories and Therapies
- Medical model attributes abnormal behavior to physical issues; includes modalities like Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) for treatment of depression, mania, and catatonia.
Definitions of Mental Health Concepts
- Resilience: Capacity to secure resources for well-being.
- Mental Illness: Defined psychiatric disorders causing significant dysfunction, linked to biological, psychological, or developmental disturbances.
- Stigma: Negative beliefs leading to disgrace and social shunning of individuals with mental illness.
- Milieu Therapy: Therapeutic environment emphasizing collaboration among patients, families, and healthcare teams.
Attributes of Mental Health
- Rational thinking
- Effective coping mechanisms
- Resilience and self-control
- Self-awareness and spiritual satisfaction
- Happiness, joy, and self-care practices
- Positive self-concept and effective communication
- Meaningful relationships and productivity
Mental Health Continuum
- Mental Health: Characterized by well-being and high-level functioning despite stress.
- Mental Illness: Ranges from mild emotional disturbances to severe impairments.
- Recovery: Many individuals can experience improvement and lead fulfilling lives.
DSM-5 Overview
- A tool for collecting statistical data on psychiatric disorders, including:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Schizophrenia Spectrum
- Mood disorders (Bipolar, Depressive)
- Anxiety disorders and OCD
- Trauma-related disorders
- Personality and substance use disorders
Nursing Levels in Mental Health
- Basic Level RN: General qualifications for nursing roles.
- PMH-RN: Specialized in psychiatric mental health nursing; requires relevant degree.
- PMH-APRN: Advanced practice role with authority for therapy and medication management; requires a master's degree or higher.
Advocacy in Nursing
- Nurses act as patient advocates, reporting abuse or neglect and supporting treatment decision-making.
Psychodynamic Theory
- Countertransference: Unconscious feelings of healthcare workers towards patients.
- Transference: Unconscious feelings patients have towards healthcare providers.
- Interpersonal Theory: Focus on human interaction as a driver of mental health.
Freud's Contributions
- Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious: Three levels of awareness influencing thoughts and behaviors.
- Personality Structure: Id (instinctual), Ego (reality-based), and Superego (moral standards).
- Defense Mechanisms: Unconscious strategies to manage anxiety by distorting reality.
Psychosexual Stages of Development
- Development occurs through five stages; early experiences shape personality and adjustment patterns.
Implications of Interpersonal Theory
- Hildegard Peplau: Pioneered the role of interpersonal relationships in psychiatric nursing, emphasizing patient involvement in their care.
Selected Nursing Theorists and Contributions
- Patricia Benner: Emphasizes caring relationships in nursing.
- Dorothea Orem: Advocates for self-care in patient care.
- Sister Callista Roy: Focuses on adaptation to changes.
- Joyce Travelbee: Highlights communication and meaning in nurse-patient interactions.
Behavioral Theories
- Classical Conditioning (Pavlov): Learned responses through association.
- Behavioral Therapy: Modifies maladaptive behaviors without underlying insight.
Biological Theories and Therapies
- Mental illness considered a result of physical problems; notable interventions include:
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Treats severe depression and manic episodes.
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS): Non-invasive and treats depression.
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS): Assists with treatment-resistant depression.
- Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): Treats OCD and severe depression.
Theory of Psychosocial Development
- Erik Erikson: Development is ongoing throughout life influenced by culture and social factors.### Erikson's Eight Stages of Development
- Infancy (0-1.5 years): Developing trust vs. mistrust; secure attachments provide a foundation for later relationships and trust in others.
- Early Childhood (1.5-3 years): Achieving autonomy vs. shame and doubt; successful control leads to self-confidence, while failures result in feelings of inadequacy.
- Preschool (3-6 years): Initiative vs. guilt; children learn to initiate activities and develop a sense of purpose, or experience guilt over their initiatives.
- School Age (6-12 years): Industry vs. inferiority; mastery of skills leads to competence and confidence, whereas failure leads to feelings of inferiority.
- Adolescence (12-20 years): Identity vs. role confusion; adolescents seek to form a personal identity, leading to fidelity, while confusion results in a weak sense of self.
- Early Adulthood (20-35 years): Intimacy vs. isolation; forming deep relationships promotes love and commitment; fear of isolation leads to emotional detachment.
- Middle Adulthood (35-65 years): Generativity vs. self-absorption; contributing to community and future generations fosters fulfillment; self-absorption leads to personal stagnation.
- Later Years (65+ years): Integrity vs. despair; reflecting on life fosters a sense of fulfillment and wisdom, whereas regrets can lead to despair.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
- Preconventional Level: Focuses on self-interest and avoiding punishment.
- Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment - Obey rules to avoid punishment.
- Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange - Recognizes different perspectives on rules.
- Conventional Level: Emphasizes societal norms and relationships.
- Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships - Rightness associated with common values.
- Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order - Rules upheld to maintain societal structure.
- Postconventional Level: Principles guide morality beyond rules.
- Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights - Rules can be challenged for the greater good.
- Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles - Justice and equality for all individuals.
Gilligan's Stages of Moral Development
- Preconventional: Individual survival focused on self.
- Conventional: Self-sacrifice valued as goodness and responsibility to others.
- Postconventional: Nonviolence principle emphasizes balance between self-care and caring for others.
Treatment Settings in Mental Health Care
- Continuum of Care includes levels from primary care physicians to state hospitals.
- Emergency care aims for stabilization and severity assessment for immediate needs.
- Multidisciplinary treatment involves collaboration among various healthcare professionals.
Rights of Patients
- Patients retain dignity, involvement in treatment decisions, and the ability to refuse treatments.
- Rights include timely evaluations, legal counsel access, privacy of communication, and informed consent.
Therapeutic Milieu
- Refers to the overall environment and interactions that facilitate healing, emphasizing the importance of surroundings in mental health.
Behavioral Crises
- Recognized when a patient poses a risk to themselves or others, including risks of suicide or violence.
Integrative and Conventional Care
- Integrative Care focuses on the holistic needs of the patient, combining various therapeutic practices for overall well-being.
- Conventional Care relies on medical professionals addressing symptoms and diseases through traditional methods.
Holistic Nursing Certification
- Requires 2000 hours or one year of full-time experience in holistic nursing and annual continuing education for certification.
Mindfulness and Alternative Therapies
- Mindfulness emphasizes breathing and mental clarity, aiding conditions like depression and anxiety.
- Homeopathy and naturopathy focus on natural healing, often utilizing holistic methods to restore health rather than simply treating symptoms.
Definitions of Mental Health Concepts
- Resilience: Capacity to secure resources for well-being.
- Mental Illness: Defined psychiatric disorders causing significant dysfunction, linked to biological, psychological, or developmental disturbances.
- Stigma: Negative beliefs leading to disgrace and social shunning of individuals with mental illness.
- Milieu Therapy: Therapeutic environment emphasizing collaboration among patients, families, and healthcare teams.
Attributes of Mental Health
- Rational thinking
- Effective coping mechanisms
- Resilience and self-control
- Self-awareness and spiritual satisfaction
- Happiness, joy, and self-care practices
- Positive self-concept and effective communication
- Meaningful relationships and productivity
Mental Health Continuum
- Mental Health: Characterized by well-being and high-level functioning despite stress.
- Mental Illness: Ranges from mild emotional disturbances to severe impairments.
- Recovery: Many individuals can experience improvement and lead fulfilling lives.
DSM-5 Overview
- A tool for collecting statistical data on psychiatric disorders, including:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Schizophrenia Spectrum
- Mood disorders (Bipolar, Depressive)
- Anxiety disorders and OCD
- Trauma-related disorders
- Personality and substance use disorders
Nursing Levels in Mental Health
- Basic Level RN: General qualifications for nursing roles.
- PMH-RN: Specialized in psychiatric mental health nursing; requires relevant degree.
- PMH-APRN: Advanced practice role with authority for therapy and medication management; requires a master's degree or higher.
Advocacy in Nursing
- Nurses act as patient advocates, reporting abuse or neglect and supporting treatment decision-making.
Psychodynamic Theory
- Countertransference: Unconscious feelings of healthcare workers towards patients.
- Transference: Unconscious feelings patients have towards healthcare providers.
- Interpersonal Theory: Focus on human interaction as a driver of mental health.
Freud's Contributions
- Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious: Three levels of awareness influencing thoughts and behaviors.
- Personality Structure: Id (instinctual), Ego (reality-based), and Superego (moral standards).
- Defense Mechanisms: Unconscious strategies to manage anxiety by distorting reality.
Psychosexual Stages of Development
- Development occurs through five stages; early experiences shape personality and adjustment patterns.
Implications of Interpersonal Theory
- Hildegard Peplau: Pioneered the role of interpersonal relationships in psychiatric nursing, emphasizing patient involvement in their care.
Selected Nursing Theorists and Contributions
- Patricia Benner: Emphasizes caring relationships in nursing.
- Dorothea Orem: Advocates for self-care in patient care.
- Sister Callista Roy: Focuses on adaptation to changes.
- Joyce Travelbee: Highlights communication and meaning in nurse-patient interactions.
Behavioral Theories
- Classical Conditioning (Pavlov): Learned responses through association.
- Behavioral Therapy: Modifies maladaptive behaviors without underlying insight.
Biological Theories and Therapies
- Mental illness considered a result of physical problems; notable interventions include:
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Treats severe depression and manic episodes.
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS): Non-invasive and treats depression.
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS): Assists with treatment-resistant depression.
- Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): Treats OCD and severe depression.
Theory of Psychosocial Development
- Erik Erikson: Development is ongoing throughout life influenced by culture and social factors.### Erikson's Eight Stages of Development
- Infancy (0-1.5 years): Developing trust vs. mistrust; secure attachments provide a foundation for later relationships and trust in others.
- Early Childhood (1.5-3 years): Achieving autonomy vs. shame and doubt; successful control leads to self-confidence, while failures result in feelings of inadequacy.
- Preschool (3-6 years): Initiative vs. guilt; children learn to initiate activities and develop a sense of purpose, or experience guilt over their initiatives.
- School Age (6-12 years): Industry vs. inferiority; mastery of skills leads to competence and confidence, whereas failure leads to feelings of inferiority.
- Adolescence (12-20 years): Identity vs. role confusion; adolescents seek to form a personal identity, leading to fidelity, while confusion results in a weak sense of self.
- Early Adulthood (20-35 years): Intimacy vs. isolation; forming deep relationships promotes love and commitment; fear of isolation leads to emotional detachment.
- Middle Adulthood (35-65 years): Generativity vs. self-absorption; contributing to community and future generations fosters fulfillment; self-absorption leads to personal stagnation.
- Later Years (65+ years): Integrity vs. despair; reflecting on life fosters a sense of fulfillment and wisdom, whereas regrets can lead to despair.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
- Preconventional Level: Focuses on self-interest and avoiding punishment.
- Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment - Obey rules to avoid punishment.
- Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange - Recognizes different perspectives on rules.
- Conventional Level: Emphasizes societal norms and relationships.
- Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships - Rightness associated with common values.
- Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order - Rules upheld to maintain societal structure.
- Postconventional Level: Principles guide morality beyond rules.
- Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights - Rules can be challenged for the greater good.
- Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles - Justice and equality for all individuals.
Gilligan's Stages of Moral Development
- Preconventional: Individual survival focused on self.
- Conventional: Self-sacrifice valued as goodness and responsibility to others.
- Postconventional: Nonviolence principle emphasizes balance between self-care and caring for others.
Treatment Settings in Mental Health Care
- Continuum of Care includes levels from primary care physicians to state hospitals.
- Emergency care aims for stabilization and severity assessment for immediate needs.
- Multidisciplinary treatment involves collaboration among various healthcare professionals.
Rights of Patients
- Patients retain dignity, involvement in treatment decisions, and the ability to refuse treatments.
- Rights include timely evaluations, legal counsel access, privacy of communication, and informed consent.
Therapeutic Milieu
- Refers to the overall environment and interactions that facilitate healing, emphasizing the importance of surroundings in mental health.
Behavioral Crises
- Recognized when a patient poses a risk to themselves or others, including risks of suicide or violence.
Integrative and Conventional Care
- Integrative Care focuses on the holistic needs of the patient, combining various therapeutic practices for overall well-being.
- Conventional Care relies on medical professionals addressing symptoms and diseases through traditional methods.
Holistic Nursing Certification
- Requires 2000 hours or one year of full-time experience in holistic nursing and annual continuing education for certification.
Mindfulness and Alternative Therapies
- Mindfulness emphasizes breathing and mental clarity, aiding conditions like depression and anxiety.
- Homeopathy and naturopathy focus on natural healing, often utilizing holistic methods to restore health rather than simply treating symptoms.
Definitions of Mental Health Concepts
- Resilience: Capacity to secure resources for well-being.
- Mental Illness: Defined psychiatric disorders causing significant dysfunction, linked to biological, psychological, or developmental disturbances.
- Stigma: Negative beliefs leading to disgrace and social shunning of individuals with mental illness.
- Milieu Therapy: Therapeutic environment emphasizing collaboration among patients, families, and healthcare teams.
Attributes of Mental Health
- Rational thinking
- Effective coping mechanisms
- Resilience and self-control
- Self-awareness and spiritual satisfaction
- Happiness, joy, and self-care practices
- Positive self-concept and effective communication
- Meaningful relationships and productivity
Mental Health Continuum
- Mental Health: Characterized by well-being and high-level functioning despite stress.
- Mental Illness: Ranges from mild emotional disturbances to severe impairments.
- Recovery: Many individuals can experience improvement and lead fulfilling lives.
DSM-5 Overview
- A tool for collecting statistical data on psychiatric disorders, including:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Schizophrenia Spectrum
- Mood disorders (Bipolar, Depressive)
- Anxiety disorders and OCD
- Trauma-related disorders
- Personality and substance use disorders
Nursing Levels in Mental Health
- Basic Level RN: General qualifications for nursing roles.
- PMH-RN: Specialized in psychiatric mental health nursing; requires relevant degree.
- PMH-APRN: Advanced practice role with authority for therapy and medication management; requires a master's degree or higher.
Advocacy in Nursing
- Nurses act as patient advocates, reporting abuse or neglect and supporting treatment decision-making.
Psychodynamic Theory
- Countertransference: Unconscious feelings of healthcare workers towards patients.
- Transference: Unconscious feelings patients have towards healthcare providers.
- Interpersonal Theory: Focus on human interaction as a driver of mental health.
Freud's Contributions
- Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious: Three levels of awareness influencing thoughts and behaviors.
- Personality Structure: Id (instinctual), Ego (reality-based), and Superego (moral standards).
- Defense Mechanisms: Unconscious strategies to manage anxiety by distorting reality.
Psychosexual Stages of Development
- Development occurs through five stages; early experiences shape personality and adjustment patterns.
Implications of Interpersonal Theory
- Hildegard Peplau: Pioneered the role of interpersonal relationships in psychiatric nursing, emphasizing patient involvement in their care.
Selected Nursing Theorists and Contributions
- Patricia Benner: Emphasizes caring relationships in nursing.
- Dorothea Orem: Advocates for self-care in patient care.
- Sister Callista Roy: Focuses on adaptation to changes.
- Joyce Travelbee: Highlights communication and meaning in nurse-patient interactions.
Behavioral Theories
- Classical Conditioning (Pavlov): Learned responses through association.
- Behavioral Therapy: Modifies maladaptive behaviors without underlying insight.
Biological Theories and Therapies
- Mental illness considered a result of physical problems; notable interventions include:
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Treats severe depression and manic episodes.
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS): Non-invasive and treats depression.
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS): Assists with treatment-resistant depression.
- Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): Treats OCD and severe depression.
Theory of Psychosocial Development
- Erik Erikson: Development is ongoing throughout life influenced by culture and social factors.### Erikson's Eight Stages of Development
- Infancy (0-1.5 years): Developing trust vs. mistrust; secure attachments provide a foundation for later relationships and trust in others.
- Early Childhood (1.5-3 years): Achieving autonomy vs. shame and doubt; successful control leads to self-confidence, while failures result in feelings of inadequacy.
- Preschool (3-6 years): Initiative vs. guilt; children learn to initiate activities and develop a sense of purpose, or experience guilt over their initiatives.
- School Age (6-12 years): Industry vs. inferiority; mastery of skills leads to competence and confidence, whereas failure leads to feelings of inferiority.
- Adolescence (12-20 years): Identity vs. role confusion; adolescents seek to form a personal identity, leading to fidelity, while confusion results in a weak sense of self.
- Early Adulthood (20-35 years): Intimacy vs. isolation; forming deep relationships promotes love and commitment; fear of isolation leads to emotional detachment.
- Middle Adulthood (35-65 years): Generativity vs. self-absorption; contributing to community and future generations fosters fulfillment; self-absorption leads to personal stagnation.
- Later Years (65+ years): Integrity vs. despair; reflecting on life fosters a sense of fulfillment and wisdom, whereas regrets can lead to despair.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
- Preconventional Level: Focuses on self-interest and avoiding punishment.
- Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment - Obey rules to avoid punishment.
- Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange - Recognizes different perspectives on rules.
- Conventional Level: Emphasizes societal norms and relationships.
- Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships - Rightness associated with common values.
- Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order - Rules upheld to maintain societal structure.
- Postconventional Level: Principles guide morality beyond rules.
- Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights - Rules can be challenged for the greater good.
- Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles - Justice and equality for all individuals.
Gilligan's Stages of Moral Development
- Preconventional: Individual survival focused on self.
- Conventional: Self-sacrifice valued as goodness and responsibility to others.
- Postconventional: Nonviolence principle emphasizes balance between self-care and caring for others.
Treatment Settings in Mental Health Care
- Continuum of Care includes levels from primary care physicians to state hospitals.
- Emergency care aims for stabilization and severity assessment for immediate needs.
- Multidisciplinary treatment involves collaboration among various healthcare professionals.
Rights of Patients
- Patients retain dignity, involvement in treatment decisions, and the ability to refuse treatments.
- Rights include timely evaluations, legal counsel access, privacy of communication, and informed consent.
Therapeutic Milieu
- Refers to the overall environment and interactions that facilitate healing, emphasizing the importance of surroundings in mental health.
Behavioral Crises
- Recognized when a patient poses a risk to themselves or others, including risks of suicide or violence.
Integrative and Conventional Care
- Integrative Care focuses on the holistic needs of the patient, combining various therapeutic practices for overall well-being.
- Conventional Care relies on medical professionals addressing symptoms and diseases through traditional methods.
Holistic Nursing Certification
- Requires 2000 hours or one year of full-time experience in holistic nursing and annual continuing education for certification.
Mindfulness and Alternative Therapies
- Mindfulness emphasizes breathing and mental clarity, aiding conditions like depression and anxiety.
- Homeopathy and naturopathy focus on natural healing, often utilizing holistic methods to restore health rather than simply treating symptoms.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
