Unity 2 Mental Health-Illness Continuum and Human Behavior
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Questions and Answers

According to the traditional mental health continuum, where do most people move as they go through life?

  • Only towards mental health conditions
  • Up and down the continuum (correct)
  • Remaining in a fixed position
  • Only towards mental well-being

What does Corey Keyes' dual continuum model propose about mental health?

  • Mental health is solely the absence of mental illness.
  • Absence of mental health problems equates to positive mental health.
  • Lack of positive mental health indicates mental health problems. (correct)
  • Mental health includes well-being, individual functioning, and social functioning.

What is 'flourishing' according to Keyes' dual continuum model?

  • Experiencing low mental well-being
  • Having a diagnosed mental illness (correct)
  • Optimal functioning, marked by growth and resilience
  • Absence of mental illness

What are internal stressors?

<p>Stressors from interactions with others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary source of relationship security or stress?

<p>Family (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of nuclear families?

<p>Shared duties, preservation of cultural traditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge associated with extended families?

<p>Greater freedom for travel, career advancement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential challenge for single-parent families?

<p>Strong emotional bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of blended families?

<p>Expanded support network, broader perspectives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of adoptive families?

<p>Create loving homes, fulfill parenthood dreams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family type has greater freedom for travel and career advancement?

<p>Childless Family (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of communal families?

<p>More frequent conflicts, dependency problems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential challenge that LGBTQ+ families still face today?

<p>Enjoy identity exploration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Dr. Murray Bowen's family systems theory?

<p>Individuals must be viewed within the broader context of their family unit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are patterns of behavior?

<p>Recurring ways individuals behave, think, or react consistently over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes fixed behavior?

<p>Individuals with well-established habits, routines, or methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does growth behavior involve?

<p>Experiencing behavior waves during work stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do waves behavior patterns involve?

<p>Following strict schedules or specific rituals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of cycles behavior?

<p>Adopting healthier habits as individuals mature or face new challenges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the needs at the base of Maslow's hierarchy?

<p>Self-actualization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After physiological needs are met, what needs become important according to Maslow?

<p>Safety needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What needs reflect the desire for love and belonging?

<p>Social needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which needs include self-respect, confidence, and recognition from others?

<p>Safety needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak of Maslow's pyramid?

<p>Esteem needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Pruitt and Rubin, what does conflict originate from?

<p>Agreement between groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conflict occurs within an individual?

<p>Interpersonal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of conflict occurs between different groups?

<p>Intrapersonal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conflict occurs within a group?

<p>Intrapersonal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anxiety considered when it is appropriate to the situation and dissipates when resolved?

<p>Abnormal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of anxiety involves a heightened sense of worry and agitation?

<p>Mild (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of anxiety involves feelings of dread and impending doom?

<p>Panic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of anxiety is also known as a panic attack?

<p>Moderate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often a consequence of frustration, according to Dollard et al.?

<p>Problem-solving (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an environmental forces source of frustration?

<p>Setting unattainable goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is conflict-induced frustration?

<p>When individuals set unattainable goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of a crisis?

<p>Always resulting in negative outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of crisis is an unpredictable catastrophic external event?

<p>Maturational crisis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of crisis results from normal life changes such as aging?

<p>Adventitious crisis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does adaptation entail in the context of mental health?

<p>Maintaining the same behavior regardless of the situation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can actively addressing issues reduce?

<p>Create tension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can ignoring problems lead to?

<p>Healthy Lifestyle Choices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the traditional mental health continuum primarily illustrate?

<p>The presence or absence of mental illness is the sole determinant of mental health. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Corey Keyes, what does the absence of mental health problems NOT guarantee?

<p>Individual functioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the dual continuum model, what might someone without a diagnosable mental illness experience?

<p>Low mental well-being (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an internal stressor?

<p>Thoughts and feelings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a nuclear family?

<p>Shared duties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential challenge in extended families?

<p>Enhanced resilience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family type has the potential for children to feel abandonment and loneliness?

<p>Nuclear family (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of blended families?

<p>Limited support network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adoptive families provide what primary benefit for children?

<p>Loving homes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of childless families?

<p>Emotional fulfillment concerns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element for communal living to succeed?

<p>Effective communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of issues do LGBTQ+ parents often face?

<p>Equal sharing of household tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of fixed behavior?

<p>Experiencing denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these needs is at the base of Maslow's hierarchy?

<p>Physiological needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mental Health-Illness Continuum

A spectrum from positive mental health to mental illness, where individuals fluctuate based on experiences.

Flourishing

Optimal functioning, marked by growth and resilience, indicating high mental well-being.

Languishing

Experiencing low mental well-being without a diagnosable mental illness, feeling hollow or empty

Family Dynamics

Interactions and relationships within a family unit which can impact individual behavior and emotional well-being.

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Nuclear Family

Parents and their children, offering strong bonds but potential isolation.

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Extended Family

Includes relatives beyond the immediate family offering emotional support, but potential privacy issues.

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Single-Parent Family

One parent raising children, fostering strong bonds and self-reliance, but potential financial strain.

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Blended Family

Two families merging through remarriage, creating expanded support but complex relationships.

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Adoptive Family

Adopting parents raising children, creating loving homes but potentially facing emotional adjustments.

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Childless Family

Couples without children, enjoying greater freedom but potentially facing societal pressures.

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Communal Family

Multiple families or individuals living together, sharing resources but requiring effective communication.

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LGBTQ+ Family

Same-sex, transgender, or diverse gender identity parents, promoting well-adjusted and inclusive children and exploration.

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Patterns of Behavior

Recurring ways of behaving, thinking, or reacting in specific situations.

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Fixed Behavior Pattern

Well-established habits or routines an individual follows consistently.

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Growth Behavior Pattern

Changes in behavior as individuals mature or face new challenges, such as becoming more assertive.

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Waves Behavior Pattern

Alternating between high productivity and burnout during work stress.

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Cycles Behavior Pattern

Recurring behavioral phases that complete a cycle before restarting, like stages of grief.

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Human Needs

Requirements essential for individuals to live healthy, fulfilling lives.

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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A pyramid illustrating the basic drives that motivate people, from physiological to self-actualization, where lower-level needs must be met first before progressing to higher levels.

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Conflict

Incompatible goals, interests, or values leads to this state between individuals or groups.

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Interpersonal Conflict

Conflict between individuals, affecting personal relationships and workplace dynamics.

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Intrapersonal Conflict

Conflict within an individual, leading to stress and difficulty in decision-making.

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Intergroup Conflict

Conflict between different groups, leading to social tension and enmity.

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Intragroup Conflict

Conflict within a group, disrupting cohesion and reducing productivity.

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Anxiety

An emotional response to perceived threats or uncertainties.

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Mild Anxiety

Increased alertness, mild restlessness, and attentiveness.

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Moderate Anxiety

Difficulty concentrating, heightened worry, and increased nervousness.

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Severe Anxiety

Significant reduction in perceptual field and intense fear and discomfort.

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Panic Anxiety

Overwhelming sense of fear or terror, Derealization and Depersonalization.

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Frustrations

Emerges when obstacles prevent individuals from achieving their goals or fulfilling their needs.

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Environmental Forces (Frustration)

Physical or social impediments that blocks/prevents individuals from achieving their goals or fulfilling their needs.

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Personal Limitations (Frustration)

Arises from limitations within oneself.

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Conflict-Induced Frustration

Occurs when pursuing one goal interferes with another.

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Crisis

Sudden, unexpected events or buildup of unresolved issues.

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Adventitious crisis

Unpredictable catastrophic external events.

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Situational crisis

An event that impacts the patient directly such as loss of a job.

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Family crisis

An event that disrupts a family such as separation of parents.

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Maturational crisis

An event of normal life changes such as aging.

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Patterns of Adaptation

Modifying behavior, thoughts, and emotions to address challenges.

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Problem-Solving (Adaptive)

Actively addressing issues to reduce stress and promote control.

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Emotional Regulation (Adaptive)

Relaxation, meditation, and cognitive reappraisal to manage negative emotions.

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Seeking Social Support (Adaptive)

Turning to friends, family, or support groups for emotional comfort.

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Healthy Lifestyle Choices (Adaptive)

Regular exercise, balanced diet, and adequate sleep to reduce stress.

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Positive Self-Talk (Adaptive)

Encouraging oneself with positive affirmations.

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Avoidance (Maladaptive)

Ignoring problems, leading to increased anxiety and unresolved issues.

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Aggression (Maladaptive)

Responding to conflicts with hostility can escalate tensions.

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Overgeneralization (Maladaptive)

Drawing broad, negative conclusions from limited experiences.

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Catastrophizing (Maladaptive)

Expecting the worst possible outcome can heighten stress.

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Perfectionism (Maladaptive)

Setting unrealistically high standards leads to chronic stress.

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Study Notes

  • The mental health-illness continuum ranges from positive mental health to mental health conditions, with individuals moving along it due to life experiences.
  • Mental well-being and the presence/absence of mental illness are distinct, as proposed by Corey Keyes' dual continuum model.
  • Mental health includes well-being, individual functioning, and social functioning.
  • Individuals with mental illness can still experience high mental well-being, while those without a diagnosis may experience low well-being.
  • "Flourishing" signifies optimal functioning with growth and resilience, while "languishing" indicates a sense of emptiness.
  • Nurses should avoid assumptions about individuals' mental health due to fluctuating internal and external stressors.

Family Dynamics

  • Family serves as a primary source of relationship security or stress, with diverse structures and interactions.
  • Positive family dynamics promote health, whereas negative ones can cause tension and instability.
  • Nuclear families have strong emotional bonds but may experience isolation and increased parental pressure.
  • Extended families offer emotional support and shared duties but can face conflicts and privacy issues.
  • Single-parent families foster strong bonds and self-reliance but may experience financial strain and social isolation.
  • Blended families expand support networks but require managing complex relationships and potential conflicts.
  • Adoptive families create loving homes but involve emotional adjustments and legal processes.
  • Childless families have greater freedom but may face societal pressures and emotional fulfillment concerns.
  • Communal families share resources but require effective communication to resolve conflicts.
  • LGBTQ+ families promote equality in household tasks and child development but may encounter discrimination.
  • Family dynamics significantly impact mental health, necessitating understanding and addressing them for overall well-being.
  • Murray Bowen's family systems theory emphasizes understanding individuals within their family unit.

Patterns of Behavior

  • Patterns of behavior are consistent, recurring actions or reactions in specific situations.
  • Fixed behavior patterns are well-established habits or routines.
  • Growth behavior patterns involve changes as individuals mature or face challenges.
  • Waves behavior patterns involve alternating periods of productivity and burnout or fluctuating emotions.
  • Cycles behavior patterns involve recurring phases that complete a cycle before restarting.
  • Adaptive behavior promotes positive adjustment, while maladaptive behavior hinders it and can lead to negative consequences.

Concepts of Human Behavior

  • Understanding human behavior includes considering needs, frustrations, conflict, and anxiety.

Needs

  • Human needs are essential for healthy, fulfilling lives.
  • Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
  • Physiological needs are basic for survival, including food, water, and shelter.
  • Safety needs include personal security, financial stability, and health.
  • Social needs reflect the desire for love and belonging.
  • Esteem needs include self-respect, confidence, and recognition.
  • Self-actualization represents fulfilling personal potential.
  • Maslow suggested lower-level needs must be met before progressing to higher ones.
  • Alderfer's ERG theory condenses Maslow's levels into Existence, Relatedness, and Growth.
  • Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory emphasizes autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Conflict

  • Conflict arises from perceived incompatible goals, interests, or values.
  • Interpersonal conflict occurs between individuals and affects relationships and emotional well-being.
  • Intrapersonal conflict occurs within an individual and leads to stress and difficulty in decision-making.
  • Intergroup conflict occurs between different groups and leads to social tension and violence.
  • Intragroup conflict occurs within a group and disrupts cohesion and productivity.
  • Conflict can lead to aggression, avoidance, or increased cooperation, depending on management.
  • Effective conflict management can foster growth and understanding.

Anxiety

  • Anxiety is an emotional response to perceived threats or uncertainties, and is considered normal when proportional to situation.
  • Anxiety can be beneficial or detrimental based on intensity, duration, and coping mechanisms.
  • Mild anxiety involves increased alertness and problem-solving abilities.
  • Moderate anxiety involves difficulty concentrating and heightened worry.
  • Severe anxiety involves a reduced perceptual field and feelings of dread.
  • Panic anxiety involves an overwhelming sense of fear and loss of control.

Frustrations

  • Frustrations occur when obstacles prevent goal achievement.
  • Frustration can lead to aggression, as suggested by the Frustration-Aggression theory.
  • Frustration can also lead to positive actions.
  • Environmental forces, personal limitations, and conflict can induce frustration.
  • Environmental forces include physical and social obstacles.
  • Personal limitations arise from physical or mental constraints and setting unattainable goals.
  • Conflict-induced frustration occurs when pursuing one goal interferes with another.

Crisis

  • Crisis results from sudden events or unresolved issues, leading to instability.
  • Crises are not necessarily linked to psychopathology.
  • Crises are triggered by identifiable events and are acute, not chronic.
  • Crises can lead to psychological growth or deterioration.
  • Individuals in crisis feel helpless and have high anxiety.
  • Adventitious crises are unpredictable catastrophic events.
  • Situational crises directly impact the patient, such as job loss.
  • Family crises disrupt a family, such as parental separation.
  • Maturational crises are normal life changes, such as aging.
  • During a crisis, nurses provide support by assessing the patient and circumstances.

Patterns of Adaptation

  • Adaptation involves modifying behavior, thoughts, and emotions to manage stressors.
  • Functional (adaptive) responses maintain integrity, while dysfunctional (maladaptive) responses impede coping.
  • Problem-solving, emotional regulation, seeking social support, healthy lifestyle choices, and positive self-talk are adaptive patterns.
  • Avoidance, aggression, overgeneralization, catastrophizing, and perfectionism are maladaptive patterns.
  • Recognizing these patterns is essential for mental health and overall well-being.

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Description

Explore the mental health-illness continuum, distinguishing well-being from mental illness. Understand flourishing versus languishing and the impact of family dynamics on mental health. Learn how positive and negative family interactions affect individual well-being and stability.

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