Mental Disorders Classification and Therapy

DSM-5:
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition.
- Standard classification system used in the U.S.
- Categorizes mental disorders based on observable symptoms.
ICD-10/ICD-11:
- International Classification of Diseases.
- Used globally; includes mental health disorders alongside physical disorders.
Categories of Disorders:
- Anxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Phobias.
- Mood Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder.
- Psychotic Disorders: Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder.
- Personality Disorders: Borderline Personality Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder.
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Autism Spectrum Disorders, ADHD.

Psychotherapy:
- Talk therapy to address emotional and psychological issues.
- Common types: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Psychodynamic Therapy.
Pharmacotherapy:
- Use of medication to manage symptoms (antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics).
Behavioral Therapy:
- Focuses on changing unhealthy behaviors (exposure therapy, reinforcement techniques).
Humanistic Therapy:
- Emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization (Client-Centered Therapy).
Integrative Approaches:
- Combination of methods tailored to individual needs.

Clinical Assessment:
- Involves clinical interviews, standardized questionnaires, and observations.
Criteria from DSM-5:
- Specific symptom patterns and duration required for a diagnosis.
- Exclusion of symptoms due to medical conditions or substance use.
Importance of Differential Diagnosis:
- Recognizing co-occurring disorders and distinguishing between similar symptoms.
Cultural Considerations:
- Impact of cultural background on diagnosis and interpretation of symptoms.

Biological Factors:
- Genetics: Hereditary predisposition can increase risk for certain disorders.
- Neurotransmitter Imbalances: Influence mood and behavior (e.g., serotonin, dopamine).
Psychological Factors:
- Trauma: Significant life events or stressors that impact mental health.
- Cognitive Patterns: Negative thought processes contributing to disorders.
Environmental Influences:
- Socioeconomic Status: Poverty and lack of resources can exacerbate mental health issues.
- Family Dynamics: Dysfunctional relationships may contribute to the development of disorders.
Cultural and Contextual Factors:
- Cultural stigmas and beliefs about mental illness can affect diagnosis and treatment.
- Life experiences shaping one’s coping mechanisms and resilience.

DSM-5 is a widely accepted classification system used in the U.S. to categorize mental disorders based on observable symptoms.
ICD-10/ICD-11 is an international standard used globally, classifying both mental and physical disorders.
Categories of Disorders include a range of conditions from anxiety and mood disorders to psychotic, personality, and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Psychotherapy encompasses various talk therapies addressing emotional and psychological issues.
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) focuses on changing thought patterns and behaviors.
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) assists in managing emotions and interpersonal relationships.
- Psychodynamic Therapy delves into unconscious motivations and early experiences.
Pharmacotherapy is the use of medication to manage symptoms, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics.
Behavioral Therapy focuses on changing unhealthy behaviors by modifying environmental factors and rewards.
Humanistic Therapy emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, aiming to empower individuals.
Integrative Approaches involve combining different methods tailored to individual needs.

Clinical Assessment includes interviews, standardized questionnaires, and observations to gather information.
Criteria from DSM-5 defines specific symptom patterns and duration required for a diagnosis, ensuring accuracy and consistency.
Differential Diagnosis is crucial to distinguish between similar symptoms and recognize co-occurring disorders.
Cultural Considerations recognize how background and beliefs may influence diagnosis and symptom interpretation.

Biological Factors play a role in mental health, with genetics contributing to risk and neurotransmitter imbalances affecting mood and behavior.
Psychological Factors include traumatic experiences and negative thought patterns, impacting mental well-being.
Environmental Influences such as socioeconomic status, family dynamics, and cultural stigmas contribute to the development and course of mental disorders.