Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following signs of pregnancy would be classified as presumptive?
Which of the following signs of pregnancy would be classified as presumptive?
- Fetal heart sounds
- Positive pregnancy test
- Amenorrhea (correct)
- Abdominal enlargement
When is the best time to take an accurate home pregnancy test?
When is the best time to take an accurate home pregnancy test?
- Right away when you wake up in the morning (correct)
- Right before going to bed
- Drink lots of water and then take the test an hour later
- It does not matter when you take it, it is always accurate
What type of change in pregnancy do the assessment findings indicate for a patient with missed menstrual periods and a positive pregnancy test?
What type of change in pregnancy do the assessment findings indicate for a patient with missed menstrual periods and a positive pregnancy test?
- Probable (correct)
- Positive
- Presumptive
- Possible
Which problem is indicated by a patient with a history of PID, experiencing dizziness, sharp abdominal pain, and scant dark red vaginal discharge?
Which problem is indicated by a patient with a history of PID, experiencing dizziness, sharp abdominal pain, and scant dark red vaginal discharge?
What does the blastocyst become after implantation and before 8 weeks of development?
What does the blastocyst become after implantation and before 8 weeks of development?
What is the most accurate explanation for episodes of hypotension in a pregnant client?
What is the most accurate explanation for episodes of hypotension in a pregnant client?
Why might a patient in her third trimester experience shortness of breath?
Why might a patient in her third trimester experience shortness of breath?
What might a client with a dark pigmented line extending from the pubic area to the umbilicus be experiencing?
What might a client with a dark pigmented line extending from the pubic area to the umbilicus be experiencing?
Which day of the menstrual cycle is she most likely to have conceived?
Which day of the menstrual cycle is she most likely to have conceived?
Which nursing intervention would be most effective for alleviating severe menstrual cramps?
Which nursing intervention would be most effective for alleviating severe menstrual cramps?
What is the correct explanation of the fertile window in the menstrual cycle?
What is the correct explanation of the fertile window in the menstrual cycle?
What potential cause of irregular menstrual cycles would you explain to David?
What potential cause of irregular menstrual cycles would you explain to David?
What is the most likely physiological consequence of a sudden drop in estrogen and progesterone levels?
What is the most likely physiological consequence of a sudden drop in estrogen and progesterone levels?
If the corpus luteum is persisting longer than expected in a patient who is not pregnant, what could this indicate?
If the corpus luteum is persisting longer than expected in a patient who is not pregnant, what could this indicate?
Which dietary change is likely to benefit someone experiencing menstrual discomfort?
Which dietary change is likely to benefit someone experiencing menstrual discomfort?
What advice would be most beneficial for someone trying to track their ovulation accurately?
What advice would be most beneficial for someone trying to track their ovulation accurately?
What is the term for the dark line that appears on the abdomen during pregnancy?
What is the term for the dark line that appears on the abdomen during pregnancy?
Which finding in a patient at 35 weeks' gestation indicates the need for further investigation?
Which finding in a patient at 35 weeks' gestation indicates the need for further investigation?
Which response by the nurse best addresses the patient's suspicions about her pregnancy?
Which response by the nurse best addresses the patient's suspicions about her pregnancy?
Which statement reflects accurate understanding of changes in pregnancy?
Which statement reflects accurate understanding of changes in pregnancy?
Which statement indicates correct understanding of pregnancy confirmation after a heartbeat is detected?
Which statement indicates correct understanding of pregnancy confirmation after a heartbeat is detected?
What is considered the most important task during the first trimester of pregnancy?
What is considered the most important task during the first trimester of pregnancy?
During pregnancy, what is the normal percentage increase in blood volume compared to pre-pregnancy volume?
During pregnancy, what is the normal percentage increase in blood volume compared to pre-pregnancy volume?
Which physiological change is not considered a positive sign of pregnancy?
Which physiological change is not considered a positive sign of pregnancy?
What is the primary purpose of measuring fundal height during prenatal visits?
What is the primary purpose of measuring fundal height during prenatal visits?
What does placental grading assess during an ultrasound examination?
What does placental grading assess during an ultrasound examination?
Which approach is most effective for healthcare providers to assess and understand a patient's cultural values?
Which approach is most effective for healthcare providers to assess and understand a patient's cultural values?
Which option exemplifies discrimination?
Which option exemplifies discrimination?
What is one of the purposes of ultrasound in assessing fetal health?
What is one of the purposes of ultrasound in assessing fetal health?
What is the primary purpose of karyotyping?
What is the primary purpose of karyotyping?
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic cell?
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic cell?
Which method is typically used by mothers at home to monitor fetal well-being by counting fetal movements?
Which method is typically used by mothers at home to monitor fetal well-being by counting fetal movements?
What is the purpose of fetal movement counting, also known as 'kick counting'?
What is the purpose of fetal movement counting, also known as 'kick counting'?
When assessing fetal well-being, which of the following assessments should a nurse prioritize?
When assessing fetal well-being, which of the following assessments should a nurse prioritize?
What is the main purpose of a Non-Stress Test (NST)?
What is the main purpose of a Non-Stress Test (NST)?
What does a Biophysical Profile (BPP) include?
What does a Biophysical Profile (BPP) include?
Which diagnostic test involves sampling amniotic fluid for genetic testing?
Which diagnostic test involves sampling amniotic fluid for genetic testing?
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Study Notes
Conception Day
- The most likely day of conception cannot be determined from the provided options (Day 8, 10, 15, or 20) without additional information.
Menstrual Cramp Management
- Hot water bottles or heating pads applied to the lower abdomen can alleviate menstrual cramps.
- NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) may be recommended for pain relief.
- Avoid recommending bed rest, aspirin, caffeine, or salty foods.
Fertile Window
- The fertile window spans the days leading up to and including ovulation.
Irregular Menstrual Cycles
- Irregular cycles result from hormonal imbalances affecting ovulation, poor nutrition, and other factors beyond stress or exercise.
Sudden Drop in Estrogen and Progesterone
- A sudden drop in estrogen and progesterone levels causes menstruation, not ovulation or the maintenance of the endometrial lining. The corpus luteum doesn't compensate for a sudden drop in hormones. Increased FSH and LH levels are expected.
Persistent Corpus Luteum
- A persisting corpus luteum longer than expected in a non-pregnant patient is a possible/probable sign of pregnancy, not a definitive (positive) one.
PID and Pregnancy
- Dizziness, sharp abdominal pain, scant dark red vaginal discharge, and missed periods in a woman with a history of PID and a positive pregnancy test suggest a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
Signs of Pregnancy
- Presumptive signs of pregnancy include amenorrhea and abdominal enlargement.
- Probable signs include a positive pregnancy test and abdominal enlargement.
- Positive signs include fetal heart sounds.
Home Pregnancy Test Timing
- The best time to take a home pregnancy test is first thing in the morning upon waking.
Embryonic Development
- After implantation and before 8 weeks of development, the blastocyst becomes an embryo.
Hypotension in Pregnancy
- Hypotension during pregnancy can be caused by the weight of the uterus compressing the vena cava.
Shortness of Breath in Third Trimester
- Shortness of breath during the third trimester of pregnancy is due to increased pressure of the enlarged uterus on the diaphragm.
Normal Skin Changes in Pregnancy
- Linea nigra is a dark pigmented line extending from the pubic area to the umbilicus, a typical skin change during pregnancy.
Concerning Findings in 35-Week Gestation
- Glycosuria (glucose in urine) in a 35-week gestation patient requires further investigation.
Signs of Pregnancy Understanding
- Lack of menses and breast enlargement are presumptive, not definitive, signs of pregnancy. A pregnancy test is needed for confirmation.
Understanding Changes in Pregnancy
- A positive Goodell's sign (softening of the cervix) is a probable sign of pregnancy.
Understanding Pregnancy Confirmation
- A positive pregnancy test is necessary to confirm pregnancy. Fetal heartbeat is a positive sign, not necessarily confirmation.
First Trimester's Most Important Task
- Accepting the pregnancy itself is the most important task of the first trimester.
Blood Volume Increase in Pregnancy
- Blood volume increases by 30% to 50% of pre-pregnancy volume.
Karyotyping Purpose
- Karyotyping analyzes the number and structure of chromosomes in a cell to detect abnormalities.
Chromosome Number in Somatic Cells
- Human somatic cells typically have 46 chromosomes.
Fetal Well-being Monitoring Methods
- Kick counts are used by mothers to monitor fetal well-being.
Fetal Movement Counting (Kick Counts) Purpose
- To assess fetal well-being.
Prioritizing Fetal Well-being Assessment
- Fetal movement counts should be prioritized when assessing fetal well-being.
Non-Stress Test (NST) Purpose
- To assess fetal heart rate in response to fetal movements.
Biophysical Profile (BPP) Components
- A BPP includes Non-Stress Test, fetal breathing movements, fetal movement, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume.
Amniotic Fluid Sampling for Genetic Testing
- Amniocentesis is used for sampling amniotic fluid for genetic testing.
Nursing Responsibility Before Invasive Procedures
- Obtaining informed consent is a primary nursing responsibility before any invasive procedure.
Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein (MSAFP) Purpose
- MSAFP screens for neural tube defects and chromosomal abnormalities.
Placental Grading in Ultrasound
- Placental grading assesses the maturity and aging of the placenta during an ultrasound examination.
Assessing Cultural Values
- Asking open-ended questions is the best approach to understand a patient's cultural values and beliefs.
Fundal Height Measurement Purpose
- Fundal height measurement estimates fetal age and monitors fetal growth.
Example of Discrimination
- Refusing to rent an apartment to someone due to their ethnicity is an example of discrimination.
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