Podcast
Questions and Answers
What hormonal changes occur during the follicular phase following the first day of menstruation?
What hormonal changes occur during the follicular phase following the first day of menstruation?
- Estradiol levels begin to increase. (correct)
- Estradiol decreases steadily.
- Progesterone levels rise significantly.
- LH and FSH levels remain high.
Which day marks the peak of estradiol levels leading to ovulation?
Which day marks the peak of estradiol levels leading to ovulation?
- Day 28
- Day 10
- Day 8
- Day 14 (correct)
During which phase does the corpus luteum form and progesterone levels begin to rise?
During which phase does the corpus luteum form and progesterone levels begin to rise?
- Ovulatory phase
- Follicular phase
- Luteal phase (correct)
- Menstrual phase
What happens if the oocyte is not fertilized around Day 24 of the menstrual cycle?
What happens if the oocyte is not fertilized around Day 24 of the menstrual cycle?
What characterizes the normal duration of the menstrual cycle?
What characterizes the normal duration of the menstrual cycle?
Which hormone is primarily associated with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
Which hormone is primarily associated with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
What occurs immediately after ovulation when the estradiol levels sharply drop?
What occurs immediately after ovulation when the estradiol levels sharply drop?
What happens to hormone levels during the days preceding ovulation?
What happens to hormone levels during the days preceding ovulation?
Which event signifies the end of the menstrual cycle and the start of a new cycle?
Which event signifies the end of the menstrual cycle and the start of a new cycle?
During which phase do levels of estradiol begin to rise after menstruation has stopped?
During which phase do levels of estradiol begin to rise after menstruation has stopped?
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Study Notes
Menstrual Cycle
- Typical menstrual cycle is 28 days, but can range from 21-35 days
- "Normal" cycle varies for each person
- Apps can help track cycles and predict periods
- Day 1 of cycle is the first day of menstruation (LMP)
- Blood and uterine tissue is discharged through the cervix
- Hormones (LH, FSH, progesterone, estradiol) are low
- Follicles form in the ovary, marking the follicular phase
- Follicular phase ends with ovulation
Day 5-8 of the Cycle
- Dominant follicle emerges
- Estradiol levels rise
- Menstruation stops and uterine lining rebuilds
- Follicular phase continues
- Estradiol levels continue rising
- Uterine lining thickens
- LH levels rise sharply before ovulation
Day 14
- Estradiol peaks
- LH & FSH surge
- Egg is released from the ovary (ovulation)
- Estradiol levels drop
- Pregnancy risk increases
Days 15-24 of the Cycle
- Estradiol, FSH, and LH decrease
- Luteal phase begins
- Corpus luteum forms, causing progesterone to rise
- Progesterone is the primary hormone during the luteal phase
- Estradiol levels rise slowly
Days 24-28 of the Cycle
- Oocyte breaks down if not fertilized
- Estrogen and progesterone levels drop on day 24
- Premenstrual week begins
- Uterine lining and oocyte shed on day 1, marking the start of a new cycle
Menstrual Cycle
- Average cycle length: 28 days
- Normal cycle length: 21-35 days
- Day 1: First day of period (LMP)
- Blood and tissue are leaving the uterus through the cervix
- Hormones (LH, FSH, Progesterone, Estradiol) are low
- Ovary starts to form follicles
- Entering the follicular phase
- Follicular Phase: Continues until ovulation (Day 14)
- Day 5-8: Dominant follicle emerges
- Estradiol levels gradually increase
- Period stops
- Uterine lining starts to rebuild
- Day 9-13: Estradiol levels continue to rise
- Uterine lining continues to build
- LH levels sharply rise just before ovulation
- Day 5-8: Dominant follicle emerges
- Day 14: Ovulation
- Estradiol levels peak
- Sharp rise in LH and FSH
- Egg released from ovary
- Estradiol sharply drops
- Increased risk of pregnancy
- Luteal Phase: (Day 15-24)
- After ovulation
- Decrease in Estradiol, FSH, LH
- Corpus luteum forms
- Progesterone starts to rise
- Progesterone is the primary hormone of the luteal phase
- Slow rise in Estradiol
- Day 24-28:
- Oocyte breaks apart if not fertilized
- Estrogen and progesterone levels drop
- Premenstrual week begins (Day 24)
- Uterine lining and oocyte leave the body (Day 1)
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