CH 4: Menstrual Cycle
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Questions and Answers

During which phase of the ovarian cycle does ovulation occur?

  • Days 1-7 (Menstruation)
  • Days 15-22 (Luteal Phase)
  • Days 8-13 (Follicular Phase)
  • Day 14 (Ovulation) (correct)
  • Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase?

  • Testosterone
  • Progesterone (correct)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Estrogen
  • What happens if fertilization does not occur in the menstrual cycle?

  • The endometrium thickens for potential embryo implantation
  • The corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone
  • The Graafian follicle bursts to release an egg cell
  • The endometrium breaks down and menstruation starts (correct)
  • Which phase of the ovarian cycle involves the development of more blood vessels and glands in the uterus?

    <p>Days 8-13 (Follicular Phase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Stimulates endometrial thickening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the ovary secretes estrogen during the follicular phase?

    <p>Graafian follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the beginning of menstruation in the uterine cycle?

    <p>Breakdown of endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of the follicle in the ovaries?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone leads to the thickening of the endometrium as the follicle develops?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does progesterone fall, leading to the shedding of the endometrial lining?

    <p>Post-ovulation if fertilization occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for the process where the zygote embeds itself into the endometrium?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which membrane forms chorionic villi that extend into the endometrium and contribute to placenta formation?

    <p>Chorion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After how many weeks of gestation is the embryo referred to as a fetus?

    <p>12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone does the placenta secrete after implantation?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of LH in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Triggering ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fertilization, what is formed when the nuclei of the ovum and sperm cell fuse?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs around five days after fertilization?

    <p>Formation of the blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for preparing the endometrium for pregnancy post-ovulation?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of FSH in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Stimulating follicle development in the ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure secretes enzymes to allow implantation into the endometrium?

    <p>Blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed by continuous mitotic division of the zygote down the fallopian tube?

    <p>Morula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone do the extra-embryonic membranes contribute to placenta formation secrete?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a diploid zygote form during fertilization?

    <p>When one sperm cell penetrates an ovum's jelly layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Oestrogen in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Leading to thickening of the endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

    <p>A mature Graafian follicle develops and secretes estrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Thickening of the endometrium and secretion of progesterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Producing progesterone to support potential embryo implantation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the uterine cycle involves the breakdown and shedding of the endometrium?

    <p>Menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the corpus luteum stop producing progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>At the beginning of menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of an egg cell from the Graafian follicle during ovulation?

    <p>Rupture of the Graafian follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the thickening of the endometrium and development of more blood vessels and glands during the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of the uterine cycle does the endometrium start to break down and shed?

    <p>(Menstruation) Days 1–7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is primarily responsible for thickening and maintaining the endometrium in preparation for potential embryo implantation?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released from the ovary during ovulation?

    <p>Egg cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the process where the zygote embeds itself into the endometrium?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for thickening and maintaining the endometrium in preparation for potential embryo implantation?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Formation of the corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fertilization, what is formed when the nuclei of the ovum and sperm cell fuse?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum?

    <p>Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone does the placenta secrete after implantation?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a diploid zygote form during fertilization?

    <p>In the fallopian tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if fertilization does not occur in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Endometrial lining sheds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure secretes enzymes to allow implantation into the endometrium?

    <p>Blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of the follicle in the ovaries?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Transformation of the Graafian follicle into the corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the uterine cycle involves the thickening of the endometrium?

    <p>Follicular Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the breakdown of the endometrium and the onset of menstruation if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the ovarian cycle does the corpus luteum stop producing progesterone?

    <p>Post-Ovulatory Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the corpus luteum in preparation for pregnancy?

    <p>Secretion of progesterone to support potential pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone prevents menstruation and supports pregnancy if fertilization occurs in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the development of more blood vessels and glands in preparation for potential embryo implantation during the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes ovulation in the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Release of an egg cell for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the thickening of the endometrium in preparation for potential embryo implantation during the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Secretion of estrogen by Graafian follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does progesterone play in preventing menstruation and supporting a potential pregnancy post-ovulation?

    <p>Stimulating development and maintenance of the endometrium for embryo implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process through which a haploid ovum and a sperm cell fuse to form a diploid zygote called?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for the implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the ovarian cycle does the follicle develop in the ovaries?

    <p>Proliferative Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the solid ball of cells that forms as a result of continuous mitotic division of the zygote down the fallopian tube?

    <p>Morula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure contributes to placenta formation by extending into the endometrium and secreting progesterone?

    <p>Chorionic Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the ovarian cycle does the corpus luteum stop producing progesterone?

    <p>Luteal Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes ovulation in the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Rupture of the Graafian follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone triggers the breakdown of the endometrium and the onset of menstruation if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the thickening of the endometrium in preparation for potential embryo implantation during the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Rupture of the Graafian follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when the nuclei of the ovum and sperm cell fuse during fertilization?

    <p>Diploid Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

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