Menopause Treatments and Bone Health

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Which medication is contraindicated for use in gestational diabetes?

Glucotrol (correct)

Amiodarone

Propylthiouracil

Canagliflozin

What should a patient with type 1 diabetes taking a beta blocker be aware of?

Need for frequent TSH reassessment

Increased risk of UTIs

Impaired glycogenolysis response to low blood glucose (correct)

Potential thyroid dysfunction induction

What is a potential risk associated with Canagliflozin use in diabetes?

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) (correct)

Hypoglycemia

Hypothyroidism

Vasomotor symptoms

How often should TSH be reassessed after adjusting Levothyroxine dosage?

6-8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known to induce thyroid dysfunction?

Amiodarone Signup and view all the answers

For a 30-year-old with elevated TSH and low Free T4 weighing 100 lbs, what dosage of Levothyroxine would be appropriate to initiate?

75 mcg Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason why women stop progestin-only pills?

Breakthrough bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is NOT associated with the use of Sildenafil for ED?

Delayed ejaculation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of alpha-adrenergic agents?

Relaxation of smooth muscle in the bladder neck Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored when a patient is on a Thiazolidinedione (TZD)?

Liver function (e.g., ALT) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding Levothyroxine dosing in the elderly is correct?

Elderly individuals need 75% less Levothyroxine than young adults Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for Methimazole?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should be used with caution in a person with a Sulfa allergy?

Glyburide Signup and view all the answers

When prescribing insulin to a type 1 diabetic undergoing wisdom teeth removal, what is the recommended management strategy?

Continue the glargine and take lispro only as a supplement. Signup and view all the answers

What should John, a type 1 diabetic on insulin glargine at HS and insulin lispro ac each meal, do when having his wisdom teeth removed?

Continue the glargine and take lispro only as needed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of levothyroxine to liothyronine in Armour thyroid?

5:1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Radioactive Iodine on the thyroid?

Destruction of thyroid tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are some therapeutic uses of Methimazole and Propylthiouracil?

Thyroid disorder treatment Signup and view all the answers

What are some adverse effects associated with estrogen use?

Endometrial hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common noncontraceptive use of estrogens?

Menopausal hormone therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is a major substrate of Estrogens?

CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 Signup and view all the answers

What are the routes of administration for Estrogen?

Oral, Topical, Intravaginal Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal time duration for taking SSRIs to alleviate vasomotor symptoms?

~ 5 years Signup and view all the answers

'Selective estrogen receptor modulators' (SERMs) activate estrogen receptors in tissues and block them in tissues.

(C) some, others Signup and view all the answers

'Raloxifene, alendronate, calcitonin' are often used for which aspect of health?

(C) Bone health Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 estrogens commonly found in Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs)?

Estradiol, Ethinyl estradiol, Mestranol Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of Progestin-only contraceptives?

They are less effective than combined oral contraceptives Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique property of Beyaz and Safyral among combination oral contraceptives?

Contain folic acid Signup and view all the answers

How is Nuvaring typically used as a contraceptive?

Vaginal ring insertion Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of anabolic steroids?

Hypertension, Liver damage, Heart problems Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare side effect of Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (afils)?

Hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What should women (and men) do to practice primary prevention of bone loss?

Ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

Which component is included in combination oral contraceptives to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defects?

Levomefolate Signup and view all the answers

What is the most widely used emergency contraceptive pill?

Plan B one-step Signup and view all the answers

What are the therapeutic uses of testosterone?

AIDS therapy Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects associated with testosterone use?

Edema from water retention Signup and view all the answers

Why were Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) developed?

To activate estrogen receptors in some tissues and block them in others Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Duavee?

To relieve menopausal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of progestins in Hormone Therapy regimens?

To counterbalance estrogen-mediated stimulation of the endometrium Signup and view all the answers

Which progestin is approved for preventing preterm birth in women with a singleton pregnancy and a history of preterm delivery?

Hydroxyprogesterone acetate Signup and view all the answers

What is the notable exception regarding systemic effects among topical estrogen formulations for vulvar and vaginal atrophy?

Femring Signup and view all the answers

Which medications were shown to reduce the frequency and severity of hot flashes in menopausal women?

Escitalopram and desvenlafaxine Signup and view all the answers

Which Hormone Therapy regimen is used for managing symptoms caused by loss of estrogen in menopause?

Estrogen/progestin therapy (EPT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of estrogen in Hormone Therapy regimens?

Control menopausal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Women at high risk should consider using alternate therapy instead of Hormone Therapy for...

Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

Which medication was approved in 2013 specifically for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms in menopause?

Brisdelle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding long-term Hormone Therapy?

Increased risk for heart disease, DVT, and breast cancer Signup and view all the answers

What should be carefully considered when prescribing products solely to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis?

Using nonestrogen treatments as the primary option Signup and view all the answers

Which drug activates estrogen and is used for breast cancer treatment by inhibiting cell growth in the breast?

Tamoxifen Signup and view all the answers

Which drug does not activate estrogen and protects against breast cancer and osteoporosis?

Raloxifene Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary noncontraceptive use of progestins?

Counteracting estrogen's effects on the endometrium during menopausal hormone therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal endogenous progestational hormone?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Which drug combines estrogen with an estrogen agonist/antagonist and is used for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?

Duavee Signup and view all the answers

What is the first drug to combine estrogen with an estrogen agonist/antagonist?