Menopause Treatments and Bone Health
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Questions and Answers

Which medication is contraindicated for use in gestational diabetes?

  • Glucotrol (correct)
  • Amiodarone
  • Propylthiouracil
  • Canagliflozin

What should a patient with type 1 diabetes taking a beta blocker be aware of?

  • Need for frequent TSH reassessment
  • Increased risk of UTIs
  • Impaired glycogenolysis response to low blood glucose (correct)
  • Potential thyroid dysfunction induction

What is a potential risk associated with Canagliflozin use in diabetes?

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) (correct)
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Vasomotor symptoms

How often should TSH be reassessed after adjusting Levothyroxine dosage?

<p>6-8 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known to induce thyroid dysfunction?

<p>Amiodarone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a 30-year-old with elevated TSH and low Free T4 weighing 100 lbs, what dosage of Levothyroxine would be appropriate to initiate?

<p>75 mcg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason why women stop progestin-only pills?

<p>Breakthrough bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is NOT associated with the use of Sildenafil for ED?

<p>Delayed ejaculation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of alpha-adrenergic agents?

<p>Relaxation of smooth muscle in the bladder neck (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored when a patient is on a Thiazolidinedione (TZD)?

<p>Liver function (e.g., ALT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding Levothyroxine dosing in the elderly is correct?

<p>Elderly individuals need 75% less Levothyroxine than young adults (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for Methimazole?

<p>Urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should be used with caution in a person with a Sulfa allergy?

<p>Glyburide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When prescribing insulin to a type 1 diabetic undergoing wisdom teeth removal, what is the recommended management strategy?

<p>Continue the glargine and take lispro only as a supplement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should John, a type 1 diabetic on insulin glargine at HS and insulin lispro ac each meal, do when having his wisdom teeth removed?

<p>Continue the glargine and take lispro only as needed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of levothyroxine to liothyronine in Armour thyroid?

<p>5:1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Radioactive Iodine on the thyroid?

<p>Destruction of thyroid tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some therapeutic uses of Methimazole and Propylthiouracil?

<p>Thyroid disorder treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some adverse effects associated with estrogen use?

<p>Endometrial hyperplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common noncontraceptive use of estrogens?

<p>Menopausal hormone therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is a major substrate of Estrogens?

<p>CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the routes of administration for Estrogen?

<p>Oral, Topical, Intravaginal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal time duration for taking SSRIs to alleviate vasomotor symptoms?

<p>~ 5 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Selective estrogen receptor modulators' (SERMs) activate estrogen receptors in ______ tissues and block them in ______ tissues.

<p>(C) some, others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Raloxifene, alendronate, calcitonin' are often used for which aspect of health?

<p>(C) Bone health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 estrogens commonly found in Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs)?

<p>Estradiol, Ethinyl estradiol, Mestranol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of Progestin-only contraceptives?

<p>They are less effective than combined oral contraceptives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique property of Beyaz and Safyral among combination oral contraceptives?

<p>Contain folic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Nuvaring typically used as a contraceptive?

<p>Vaginal ring insertion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of anabolic steroids?

<p>Hypertension, Liver damage, Heart problems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare side effect of Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (afils)?

<p>Hypotension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should women (and men) do to practice primary prevention of bone loss?

<p>Ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is included in combination oral contraceptives to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defects?

<p>Levomefolate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most widely used emergency contraceptive pill?

<p>Plan B one-step (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the therapeutic uses of testosterone?

<p>AIDS therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects associated with testosterone use?

<p>Edema from water retention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) developed?

<p>To activate estrogen receptors in some tissues and block them in others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Duavee?

<p>To relieve menopausal symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of progestins in Hormone Therapy regimens?

<p>To counterbalance estrogen-mediated stimulation of the endometrium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which progestin is approved for preventing preterm birth in women with a singleton pregnancy and a history of preterm delivery?

<p>Hydroxyprogesterone acetate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the notable exception regarding systemic effects among topical estrogen formulations for vulvar and vaginal atrophy?

<p>Femring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medications were shown to reduce the frequency and severity of hot flashes in menopausal women?

<p>Escitalopram and desvenlafaxine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Hormone Therapy regimen is used for managing symptoms caused by loss of estrogen in menopause?

<p>Estrogen/progestin therapy (EPT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of estrogen in Hormone Therapy regimens?

<p>Control menopausal symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Women at high risk should consider using alternate therapy instead of Hormone Therapy for...

<p>Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication was approved in 2013 specifically for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms in menopause?

<p>Brisdelle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding long-term Hormone Therapy?

<p>Increased risk for heart disease, DVT, and breast cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be carefully considered when prescribing products solely to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis?

<p>Using nonestrogen treatments as the primary option (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug activates estrogen and is used for breast cancer treatment by inhibiting cell growth in the breast?

<p>Tamoxifen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug does not activate estrogen and protects against breast cancer and osteoporosis?

<p>Raloxifene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary noncontraceptive use of progestins?

<p>Counteracting estrogen's effects on the endometrium during menopausal hormone therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal endogenous progestational hormone?

<p>Progesterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug combines estrogen with an estrogen agonist/antagonist and is used for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?

<p>Duavee (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first drug to combine estrogen with an estrogen agonist/antagonist?

<p>Duavee (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the risks associated with tamoxifen use?

<p>Endometrial cancer and thromboembolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does raloxifene have on the risk of uterine cancer?

<p>Reduces the risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of progestins in women experiencing amenorrhea?

<p>Induce endometrial proliferation with an estrogen before giving the progestin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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