Menkul Kıymetler (Securities) Quiz

Menkul Kıymetler (Securities)

Stock Market

• A platform for buying and selling company shares
• Facilitates capital formation for companies
• Provides liquidity for investors
• Key players: stock exchanges, brokers, dealers, and investors
• Stock market indices: track market performance (e.g., BIST 100 in Turkey)

Bond Market

• A platform for buying and selling debt securities
• Enables companies and governments to raise capital through borrowing
• Key characteristics: face value, coupon rate, maturity date, credit rating
• Types of bonds: government bonds, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, international bonds

Asset Valuation

• The process of determining the economic value of an asset
• Methods:
  1. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF): estimates future cash flows and discounts them to present value
  2. Comparable Company Analysis: compares the asset to similar companies
  3. Asset-Based Approach: values the asset based on its net asset value
• Factors affecting asset valuation:
  • Risk-free rate
  • Market risk premium
  • Beta coefficient
  • Cash flow growth rate

Portfolio Management

• The process of selecting and managing a collection of assets to achieve investment goals
• Key concepts:
  • Diversification: reduces risk by spreading investments across asset classes
  • Asset Allocation: distributes investments across asset classes
  • Risk-Return Tradeoff: balances potential returns with risk tolerance
• Portfolio management strategies:
  • Active Management: attempts to beat the market through research and analysis
  • Passive Management: tracks a market index to minimize costs

Investment Analysis

• The process of evaluating investment opportunities to make informed decisions
• Key steps:
  1. Define Investment Objectives: determines the investor's goals and risk tolerance
  2. Gather Data: collects relevant information about the investment
  3. Analyze Data: evaluates the investment using various techniques (e.g., ratio analysis, chart analysis)
  4. Make a Decision: selects the investment based on the analysis
• Investment analysis tools:
  • Financial Statement Analysis: examines financial statements to assess a company's performance
  • Ratio Analysis: calculates ratios to evaluate a company's financial position
  • Technical Analysis: uses charts and patterns to predict price movements