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Questions and Answers
The delicate, nonvascular connective tissue membrane between dura mater & pia mater is called ____
The delicate, nonvascular connective tissue membrane between dura mater & pia mater is called ____
Arachnoid
Pia Mater closely covers the surface of the brain and spinal cord, acting as a protective ____
Pia Mater closely covers the surface of the brain and spinal cord, acting as a protective ____
layer
The periosteum covering the inner surface of the skull bones is part of the ____ Mater
The periosteum covering the inner surface of the skull bones is part of the ____ Mater
Dura
The outer layer of the meninges is called ____ Mater
The outer layer of the meninges is called ____ Mater
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The tentorium cerebelli separates the posterior cranial fossa from the middle cranial fossa, allowing passage for the ____
The tentorium cerebelli separates the posterior cranial fossa from the middle cranial fossa, allowing passage for the ____
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Falx cerebelli, a small, sickle-shaped fold of dura mater, is attached to the internal occipital crest and projects forward between the two ____ hemispheres
Falx cerebelli, a small, sickle-shaped fold of dura mater, is attached to the internal occipital crest and projects forward between the two ____ hemispheres
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The subdural space is located between the dura and the ______
The subdural space is located between the dura and the ______
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Laceration of 'bridging veins' can lead to subdural ______
Laceration of 'bridging veins' can lead to subdural ______
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The subarachnoid space is located between the pia mater and the ______
The subarachnoid space is located between the pia mater and the ______
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The subarachnoid cistern that contains CN VII and CN VIII is the cerebellopontine angle ______
The subarachnoid cistern that contains CN VII and CN VIII is the cerebellopontine angle ______
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The cerebellomedullary cistern is also known as the cisterna ______
The cerebellomedullary cistern is also known as the cisterna ______
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The ventricles are lined with ependyma and contain ______
The ventricles are lined with ependyma and contain ______
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Diaphragma sellae forms the roof of the hypophyseal fossa contains an aperture through which the ______ passes. Dura Mater Arterial Supply internal carotid maxillary middle meningeal artery* ascending pharyngeal occipital vertebral ______ Dural Venous Sinuses receive blood from the brain through the cerebral ______ and the cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space drains into the internal jugular ______. Emissary ______: valveless; connect the dural ______ with the diploic ______ of the skull. Arachnoid 1.Arachnoid granulations or arachnoid villi enter the venous dural sinuses and permit the oneway flow of ______ from the subarachnoid space into the venous circulation 2.Subarachnoid space 3.Pia Mater is a delicate, highly vascular layer of connective tissue.is connected to the arachnoid by ______. 1.Denticulate ligaments two lateral flattened bands of pial tissue adhere to the spinal dura mater 2.Filum terminale consists of a nonneural band of tissue that is a condensation of the pia mater.extends from the conus medullaris to the end of the dural sac and fuses with it. Meningeal spaces 1.Spinal epidural space is located between the dura and the vertebral periosteum.contains loose ______ tissue, venous plexuses, and lymphatics.may be injected with a local anesthetic to produce a Meningeal spaces 2.Cranial epidural space is a potential space between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura.contains the meningeal ______ and ______.
Diaphragma sellae forms the roof of the hypophyseal fossa contains an aperture through which the ______ passes. Dura Mater Arterial Supply internal carotid maxillary middle meningeal artery* ascending pharyngeal occipital vertebral ______ Dural Venous Sinuses receive blood from the brain through the cerebral ______ and the cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space drains into the internal jugular ______. Emissary ______: valveless; connect the dural ______ with the diploic ______ of the skull. Arachnoid 1.Arachnoid granulations or arachnoid villi enter the venous dural sinuses and permit the oneway flow of ______ from the subarachnoid space into the venous circulation 2.Subarachnoid space 3.Pia Mater is a delicate, highly vascular layer of connective tissue.is connected to the arachnoid by ______. 1.Denticulate ligaments two lateral flattened bands of pial tissue adhere to the spinal dura mater 2.Filum terminale consists of a nonneural band of tissue that is a condensation of the pia mater.extends from the conus medullaris to the end of the dural sac and fuses with it. Meningeal spaces 1.Spinal epidural space is located between the dura and the vertebral periosteum.contains loose ______ tissue, venous plexuses, and lymphatics.may be injected with a local anesthetic to produce a Meningeal spaces 2.Cranial epidural space is a potential space between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura.contains the meningeal ______ and ______.
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The frontal (anterior) horn is located in the frontal lobe; its lateral wall is formed by the head of the caudate nucleus and lacks ______
The frontal (anterior) horn is located in the frontal lobe; its lateral wall is formed by the head of the caudate nucleus and lacks ______
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The trigone (atrium) is found at the junction of the body, occipital horn, and temporal horn of the lateral ventricle and contains a large tuft of ______ calcified in adults
The trigone (atrium) is found at the junction of the body, occipital horn, and temporal horn of the lateral ventricle and contains a large tuft of ______ calcified in adults
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The lateral ventricle's body is located in the medial portion of the frontal and parietal lobes and has ______
The lateral ventricle's body is located in the medial portion of the frontal and parietal lobes and has ______
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The occipital (posterior) horn is located in the parietal and occipital lobes and lacks ______
The occipital (posterior) horn is located in the parietal and occipital lobes and lacks ______
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The cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) lies in the midbrain and connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle and lacks ______
The cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) lies in the midbrain and connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle and lacks ______
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The fourth ventricle lies between the cerebellum and the brainstem and contains a pair of choroid plexuses in its caudal roof, expressing CSF into the subarachnoid space via the two lateral foramina of Luschka and the single medial foramen of Magendie. Cerebrospinal Fluid is a clear, colorless, acellular fluid found in the subarachnoid space and ______
The fourth ventricle lies between the cerebellum and the brainstem and contains a pair of choroid plexuses in its caudal roof, expressing CSF into the subarachnoid space via the two lateral foramina of Luschka and the single medial foramen of Magendie. Cerebrospinal Fluid is a clear, colorless, acellular fluid found in the subarachnoid space and ______
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The diaphragma sellae forms the roof of the hypophyseal fossa contains an aperture through which the hypophyseal stalk (infundibulum) passes. Dura Mater Arterial Supply internal carotid maxillary middle meningeal artery* ascending pharyngeal occipital vertebral arteries Dural Venous Sinuses receive blood from the brain through the cerebral veins and the cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space drains into the internal jugular veins. Emissary veins: valveless; connect the dural veins with the diploic veins of the skull. The _____________ forms the roof of the hypophyseal fossa contains an aperture through which the hypophyseal stalk (infundibulum) passes.
The diaphragma sellae forms the roof of the hypophyseal fossa contains an aperture through which the hypophyseal stalk (infundibulum) passes. Dura Mater Arterial Supply internal carotid maxillary middle meningeal artery* ascending pharyngeal occipital vertebral arteries Dural Venous Sinuses receive blood from the brain through the cerebral veins and the cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space drains into the internal jugular veins. Emissary veins: valveless; connect the dural veins with the diploic veins of the skull. The _____________ forms the roof of the hypophyseal fossa contains an aperture through which the hypophyseal stalk (infundibulum) passes.
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Arachnoid granulations or arachnoid villi enter the venous dural sinuses and permit the oneway flow of CSF from the subarachnoid space into the venous circulation. The __________ permit the oneway flow of CSF from the subarachnoid space into the venous circulation.
Arachnoid granulations or arachnoid villi enter the venous dural sinuses and permit the oneway flow of CSF from the subarachnoid space into the venous circulation. The __________ permit the oneway flow of CSF from the subarachnoid space into the venous circulation.
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Pia Mater is a delicate, highly vascular layer of connective tissue.is connected to the arachnoid by ___________. Pia Mater is connected to the arachnoid by __________.
Pia Mater is a delicate, highly vascular layer of connective tissue.is connected to the arachnoid by ___________. Pia Mater is connected to the arachnoid by __________.
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Spinal epidural space is located between the dura and the vertebral periosteum.contains loose areolar tissue, venous plexuses, and lymphatics.may be injected with a local anesthetic to produce a Meningeal spaces. The spinal epidural space is located between the dura and the vertebral periosteum.contains loose areolar tissue, venous plexuses, and lymphatics.may be injected with a local anesthetic to produce a __________.
Spinal epidural space is located between the dura and the vertebral periosteum.contains loose areolar tissue, venous plexuses, and lymphatics.may be injected with a local anesthetic to produce a Meningeal spaces. The spinal epidural space is located between the dura and the vertebral periosteum.contains loose areolar tissue, venous plexuses, and lymphatics.may be injected with a local anesthetic to produce a __________.
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Cranial epidural space is a potential space between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura.contains the meningeal arteries and veins. The cranial epidural space is a potential space between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura.contains the meningeal arteries and __________.
Cranial epidural space is a potential space between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura.contains the meningeal arteries and veins. The cranial epidural space is a potential space between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura.contains the meningeal arteries and __________.
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Denticulate ligaments two lateral flattened bands of pial tissue adhere to the spinal dura mater. The __________ adhere to the spinal dura mater.
Denticulate ligaments two lateral flattened bands of pial tissue adhere to the spinal dura mater. The __________ adhere to the spinal dura mater.
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Cerebrospinal Fluid is produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 500 ml/day. Its normal pressure is 80 to 180 mm of water (CSF) in the lumbar subarachnoid space when the patient is in a lateral recumbent (decubitus) position. It functions to cushion and protect the central nervous system from trauma and provides mechanical buoyancy and support for the brain. It also serves as a reservoir and assists in the regulation of the contents of the skull, as well as nourishes the central nervous system. The fluid volume is typically 140 ml and its composition contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl and usually is sterile. The normal values for this fluid are: 1.pH: 7.35 2.Specific gravity: 1.007 3.Glucose: 66% of plasma glucose 4.Total protein: 45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern. Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and over the convexity of the hemisphere to the superior sagittal sinus, where it enters the venous circulation. The Cerebrospinal Fluid transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the ____________.
Cerebrospinal Fluid is produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 500 ml/day. Its normal pressure is 80 to 180 mm of water (CSF) in the lumbar subarachnoid space when the patient is in a lateral recumbent (decubitus) position. It functions to cushion and protect the central nervous system from trauma and provides mechanical buoyancy and support for the brain. It also serves as a reservoir and assists in the regulation of the contents of the skull, as well as nourishes the central nervous system. The fluid volume is typically 140 ml and its composition contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl and usually is sterile. The normal values for this fluid are: 1.pH: 7.35 2.Specific gravity: 1.007 3.Glucose: 66% of plasma glucose 4.Total protein: 45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern. Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and over the convexity of the hemisphere to the superior sagittal sinus, where it enters the venous circulation. The Cerebrospinal Fluid transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the ____________.
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The normal values for Cerebrospinal Fluid include: 1.pH: 7.35 2.Specific gravity: 1.007 3.Glucose: 66% of plasma glucose 4.Total protein: 45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern. The Cerebrospinal Fluid supports and cushions the central nervous system against concussive injury, transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors, and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation. It is typically produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 500 ml/day with a normal volume of 140 ml. The fluid composition contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl and usually is sterile. The normal pressure of this fluid is 80 to 180 mm of water (CSF) in the lumbar subarachnoid space when the patient is in a lateral recumbent (decubitus) position. Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and over the convexity of the hemisphere to the superior sagittal sinus, where it enters the venous circulation. The Cerebrospinal Fluid transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the ____________.
The normal values for Cerebrospinal Fluid include: 1.pH: 7.35 2.Specific gravity: 1.007 3.Glucose: 66% of plasma glucose 4.Total protein: 45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern. The Cerebrospinal Fluid supports and cushions the central nervous system against concussive injury, transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors, and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation. It is typically produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 500 ml/day with a normal volume of 140 ml. The fluid composition contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl and usually is sterile. The normal pressure of this fluid is 80 to 180 mm of water (CSF) in the lumbar subarachnoid space when the patient is in a lateral recumbent (decubitus) position. Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and over the convexity of the hemisphere to the superior sagittal sinus, where it enters the venous circulation. The Cerebrospinal Fluid transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the ____________.
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The normal values for Cerebrospinal Fluid include: 1.pH: 7.35 2.Specific gravity: 1.007 3.Glucose: 66% of plasma glucose 4.Total protein: 45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern. The Cerebrospinal Fluid supports and cushions the central nervous system against concussive injury, transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors, and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation. It is typically produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 500 ml/day with a normal volume of 140 ml. The fluid composition contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl and usually is sterile. The normal pressure of this fluid is 80 to 180 mm of water (CSF) in the lumbar subarachnoid space when the patient is in a lateral recumbent (decubitus) position. Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and over the convexity of the hemisphere to the superior sagittal sinus, where it enters the venous circulation. The Cerebrospinal Fluid transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the ________ and the fluid usually contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl.
The normal values for Cerebrospinal Fluid include: 1.pH: 7.35 2.Specific gravity: 1.007 3.Glucose: 66% of plasma glucose 4.Total protein: 45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern. The Cerebrospinal Fluid supports and cushions the central nervous system against concussive injury, transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors, and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation. It is typically produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 500 ml/day with a normal volume of 140 ml. The fluid composition contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl and usually is sterile. The normal pressure of this fluid is 80 to 180 mm of water (CSF) in the lumbar subarachnoid space when the patient is in a lateral recumbent (decubitus) position. Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and over the convexity of the hemisphere to the superior sagittal sinus, where it enters the venous circulation. The Cerebrospinal Fluid transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the ________ and the fluid usually contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl.
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The Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and over the convexity of the hemisphere to the superior sagittal sinus, where it enters the venous circulation. The fluid volume is typically 140 ml and its composition contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl and usually is sterile. The normal values for this fluid are: 1.pH: 7.35 2.Specific gravity: 1.007 3.Glucose: 66% of plasma glucose 4.Total protein: 45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern. The Cerebrospinal Fluid is produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 500 ml/day. The Cerebrospinal Fluid supports and cushions the central nervous system against concussive injury, transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors, and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the ____________.
The Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and over the convexity of the hemisphere to the superior sagittal sinus, where it enters the venous circulation. The fluid volume is typically 140 ml and its composition contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl and usually is sterile. The normal values for this fluid are: 1.pH: 7.35 2.Specific gravity: 1.007 3.Glucose: 66% of plasma glucose 4.Total protein: 45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern. The Cerebrospinal Fluid is produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 500 ml/day. The Cerebrospinal Fluid supports and cushions the central nervous system against concussive injury, transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors, and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the ____________.
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The Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and over the convexity of the hemisphere to the superior sagittal sinus, where it enters the venous circulation. The Cerebrospinal Fluid is typically produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 500 ml/day with a normal volume of 140 ml. The fluid composition contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl and usually is sterile. The normal values for this fluid are: 1.pH: 7.35 2.Specific gravity: 1.007 3.Glucose: 66% of plasma glucose 4.Total protein: 45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern. The Cerebrospinal Fluid supports and cushions the central nervous system against concussive injury, transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors, and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the ____________ and the fluid usually contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl.
The Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and over the convexity of the hemisphere to the superior sagittal sinus, where it enters the venous circulation. The Cerebrospinal Fluid is typically produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 500 ml/day with a normal volume of 140 ml. The fluid composition contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl and usually is sterile. The normal values for this fluid are: 1.pH: 7.35 2.Specific gravity: 1.007 3.Glucose: 66% of plasma glucose 4.Total protein: 45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern. The Cerebrospinal Fluid supports and cushions the central nervous system against concussive injury, transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors, and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the ____________ and the fluid usually contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl.
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The Cerebrospinal Fluid is typically produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 500 ml/day with a normal volume of 140 ml. Its composition contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl and usually is sterile. The normal values for this fluid are: 1.pH: 7.35 2.Specific gravity: 1.007 3.Glucose: 66% of plasma glucose 4.Total protein: 45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern. The Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and over the convexity of the hemisphere to the superior sagittal sinus, where it enters the venous circulation. The Cerebrospinal Fluid supports and cushions the central nervous system against concussive injury, transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors, and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the ____________.
The Cerebrospinal Fluid is typically produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 500 ml/day with a normal volume of 140 ml. Its composition contains no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl and usually is sterile. The normal values for this fluid are: 1.pH: 7.35 2.Specific gravity: 1.007 3.Glucose: 66% of plasma glucose 4.Total protein: 45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern. The Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and over the convexity of the hemisphere to the superior sagittal sinus, where it enters the venous circulation. The Cerebrospinal Fluid supports and cushions the central nervous system against concussive injury, transports hormones and hormone-releasing factors, and removes metabolic waste products through absorption; the sites of greatest absorption are the ____________.
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Study Notes
Meninges and Their Structure
- The delicate, nonvascular connective tissue membrane between the dura mater and pia mater is called the arachnoid mater.
- The pia mater closely adheres to the brain and spinal cord, providing protective effects.
- The periosteum on the inner surface of the skull is part of the dura mater.
- The outer layer of the meninges is termed the dura mater.
- The tentorium cerebelli separates the posterior and middle cranial fossae, allowing passage for the brainstem.
- Falx cerebelli is a sickle-shaped fold of dura mater that is attached to the internal occipital crest and extends between the two cerebellar hemispheres.
- The subdural space is situated between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.
- Laceration of bridging veins can lead to subdural hematoma.
- The subarachnoid space is located between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Its Circulation
- The cerebellopontine angle cistern contains cranial nerves VII and VIII.
- The cerebellomedullary cistern is also referred to as the cisterna magna.
- The brain's ventricles are lined with ependymal cells and are responsible for producing CSF.
- The diaphragma sellae forms the roof of the hypophyseal fossa and includes an aperture for the hypophyseal stalk (infundibulum).
- CSF circulates at a production rate of 500 ml/day and has a normal volume of 140 ml.
- Normal CSF pressure ranges from 80 to 180 mm of water in the lumbar subarachnoid space when the patient is lateral.
- CSF functions to cushion the CNS, provide mechanical support, nourish it, and regulate its contents.
Composition and Properties of CSF
- The normal composition of CSF includes no more than 5 lymphocytes/µl, is typically sterile, with a pH of 7.35, a specific gravity of 1.007, glucose levels at 66% of plasma glucose, and total protein levels of 45 mg/dl.
- CSF circulates from the ventricles through the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space and eventually reaches the superior sagittal sinus for venous circulation.
Anatomy and Spaces Related to Meninges
- The spinal epidural space lies between the dura and the vertebral periosteum and is filled with loose areolar tissue, venous plexuses, lymphatics, and can be targeted for injections.
- The cranial epidural space is a potential space between periosteal and meningeal dura, housing meningeal arteries and veins.
- Arachnoid granulations (villi) facilitate one-way flow of CSF from the subarachnoid space into venous sinuses.
Structural Features Associated with the CNS
- Denticulate ligaments are lateral bands of pial tissue connecting to the spinal dura mater.
- The filum terminale is a nonneural tissue band extending from the conus medullaris to the dural sac's end.
- Cerebrospinal fluid circulation is critical for transporting hormones, removing metabolic waste, and absorbing into specific sites for waste removal.
Normal Values and Functions
- Notable normal values for CSF are essential for diagnostics and clinical relevance to CNS functions.
- Key roles of CSF include providing protection against injury, acting as a reservoir, and regulating cranial contents.
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Description
Learn about the different layers of the meninges including the Dura Mater, Arachnoid, and Pia Mater. Explore their structures and functions in covering the brain and spinal cord.
