32 Questions
What did Mendel call a heritable feature that varies among individuals?
Trait
Why did Mendel choose to work with peas?
Peas have a short generation time and produce a large number of offspring.
What did Mendel ensure about the plants he used in his experiments?
They were true-breeding for the traits he wanted to study.
What did Mendel call the mating process of two contrasting, true-breeding pea varieties?
Hybridization
Which generation did Mendel check in his typical breeding experiment after the P generation?
F1
What term did Mendel use to refer to a plant with purple flowers if the seeds produced by self-pollination in successive generations all give rise to plants with purple flowers?
True-breeding plant
What did Mendel observe about the first generation hybrids?
Only one of the alternative characters usually developed
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where dominant alleles are expressed exclusively in a heterozygote?
Genetic masking
What is the ratio of purple-flowered to white-flowered F2 plants in Mendel's experiment?
3:1
What term is used to describe the heritable factor that didn't disappear but was somehow hidden or masked in the presence of another factor?
Genetic segregation
What does Mendel’s law of segregation state about the alleles at a locus?
Two alleles at a locus can differ, with one being dominant and the other being recessive
What does Mendel's concept of genes as sequences of nucleotides found in a locus on a chromosome explain?
How genes determine an organism's appearance
What is meant by the term 'alleles'?
Alternative versions of genes responsible for inherited variations
What is the significance of Mendel's observation that white-flower trait reappeared in the F2 generation?
It indicated that heritable factors do not disappear but may be hidden or masked
What does Mendel's law of dominance illustrate about allele expression?
The dominant allele expresses itself exclusively in a heterozygote.
What did Mendel deduce about variations in inherited characters from his experiments?
Variations are accounted for by alternative versions of genes called alleles.
Why did Mendel choose to work with peas?
Mendel chose to work with peas because they have many varieties, short generation time, large number of offspring, and the ability for strict control of mating.
What is the significance of tracking only those characters that occur in two distinct, alternative forms, such as purple or white flower color?
Tracking characters with distinct alternative forms allowed Mendel to observe clear patterns of inheritance and apply the principles of heredity.
Explain the term 'true-breeding' as used by Mendel in his experiments.
A plant with a specific trait is true-breeding if self-pollination in successive generations produces offspring with the same trait, without variation.
What did Mendel check in the F1 and F2 generations of his typical breeding experiment?
Mendel checked the offspring of the P generation in the F1 generation, and the offspring of the F1 generation in the F2 generation.
What is the significance of Mendel's observation that white-flower trait reappeared in the F2 generation?
The reappearance of the white-flower trait in the F2 generation demonstrated the principle of segregation and the presence of hidden, recessive traits.
Why did Mendel choose to track characters that occurred in two distinct, alternative forms?
Mendel chose to track characters with distinct alternative forms to establish clear patterns of inheritance and deduce principles of heredity.
What did Mendel observe about the genetic contribution of white-flowered plants to the F1 hybrids?
It reappeared in the F2 generation
What is the ratio of purple-flowered to white-flowered F2 plants in Mendel's experiment?
3:1
What term is used to describe the heritable factor that is hidden or masked in the presence of another factor?
Recessive
What is meant by the term 'alleles'?
Alternative versions of genes
What did Mendel ensure about the plants he used in his experiments?
True-breeding
What generation did Mendel check in his typical breeding experiment after the P generation?
F2 generation
What does Mendel’s law of segregation state about the alleles at a locus?
For each character, an organism inherits two copies – two alleles – of a gene, one from each parent.
What concept does Mendel's law of dominance illustrate about allele expression?
Dominant alleles are expressed exclusively in a heterozygote
What is the significance of Mendel's observation that white-flower trait reappeared in the F2 generation?
It demonstrated the presence of hidden or masked traits
What does Mendel's concept of genes as sequences of nucleotides found in a locus on a chromosome explain?
It explains the variations in inherited characters and phenotype of organisms
Explore the principles of heredity discovered by Mendel through his carefully planned experiments with garden peas. Learn about characters, traits, and the advantages of using peas for genetic studies.
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