Mendel's Pea Plant Experiments
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Questions and Answers

What did Mendel call a heritable feature that varies among individuals?

  • Generation time
  • Variety
  • Trait (correct)
  • Hybridization

Why did Mendel choose to work with peas?

  • Peas are easy to control and manipulate for breeding experiments.
  • Peas have a short generation time and produce a large number of offspring. (correct)
  • Peas have multiple varieties with distinct traits such as flower color.
  • Peas have both stamens and carpels in each flower, allowing for self-fertilization.

What did Mendel ensure about the plants he used in his experiments?

  • They were cross-pollinated with other plant species.
  • They were true-breeding for the traits he wanted to study. (correct)
  • They were genetically modified to express specific traits.
  • They had a variety of different traits for the same character.

What did Mendel call the mating process of two contrasting, true-breeding pea varieties?

<p>Hybridization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which generation did Mendel check in his typical breeding experiment after the P generation?

<p>F1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term did Mendel use to refer to a plant with purple flowers if the seeds produced by self-pollination in successive generations all give rise to plants with purple flowers?

<p>True-breeding plant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel observe about the first generation hybrids?

<p>Only one of the alternative characters usually developed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where dominant alleles are expressed exclusively in a heterozygote?

<p>Genetic masking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of purple-flowered to white-flowered F2 plants in Mendel's experiment?

<p>3:1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the heritable factor that didn't disappear but was somehow hidden or masked in the presence of another factor?

<p>Genetic segregation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Mendel’s law of segregation state about the alleles at a locus?

<p>Two alleles at a locus can differ, with one being dominant and the other being recessive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Mendel's concept of genes as sequences of nucleotides found in a locus on a chromosome explain?

<p>How genes determine an organism's appearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'alleles'?

<p>Alternative versions of genes responsible for inherited variations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Mendel's observation that white-flower trait reappeared in the F2 generation?

<p>It indicated that heritable factors do not disappear but may be hidden or masked (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Mendel's law of dominance illustrate about allele expression?

<p>The dominant allele expresses itself exclusively in a heterozygote. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel deduce about variations in inherited characters from his experiments?

<p>Variations are accounted for by alternative versions of genes called alleles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Mendel choose to work with peas?

<p>Mendel chose to work with peas because they have many varieties, short generation time, large number of offspring, and the ability for strict control of mating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of tracking only those characters that occur in two distinct, alternative forms, such as purple or white flower color?

<p>Tracking characters with distinct alternative forms allowed Mendel to observe clear patterns of inheritance and apply the principles of heredity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the term 'true-breeding' as used by Mendel in his experiments.

<p>A plant with a specific trait is true-breeding if self-pollination in successive generations produces offspring with the same trait, without variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel check in the F1 and F2 generations of his typical breeding experiment?

<p>Mendel checked the offspring of the P generation in the F1 generation, and the offspring of the F1 generation in the F2 generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Mendel's observation that white-flower trait reappeared in the F2 generation?

<p>The reappearance of the white-flower trait in the F2 generation demonstrated the principle of segregation and the presence of hidden, recessive traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Mendel choose to track characters that occurred in two distinct, alternative forms?

<p>Mendel chose to track characters with distinct alternative forms to establish clear patterns of inheritance and deduce principles of heredity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel observe about the genetic contribution of white-flowered plants to the F1 hybrids?

<p>It reappeared in the F2 generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of purple-flowered to white-flowered F2 plants in Mendel's experiment?

<p>3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the heritable factor that is hidden or masked in the presence of another factor?

<p>Recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'alleles'?

<p>Alternative versions of genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel ensure about the plants he used in his experiments?

<p>True-breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What generation did Mendel check in his typical breeding experiment after the P generation?

<p>F2 generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Mendel’s law of segregation state about the alleles at a locus?

<p>For each character, an organism inherits two copies – two alleles – of a gene, one from each parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept does Mendel's law of dominance illustrate about allele expression?

<p>Dominant alleles are expressed exclusively in a heterozygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Mendel's observation that white-flower trait reappeared in the F2 generation?

<p>It demonstrated the presence of hidden or masked traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Mendel's concept of genes as sequences of nucleotides found in a locus on a chromosome explain?

<p>It explains the variations in inherited characters and phenotype of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

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