18 Questions
What is the term used to describe an individual that has two identical alleles for a gene?
Homozygous dominant
If an individual has a heterozygous genotype for a gene, what does this mean?
The individual has two different alleles for the gene
According to Mendel's laws, what happens when an individual with a heterozygous genotype reproduces?
The offspring will have a 50% chance of inheriting each of the parent's alleles
What is the term used to describe the observable characteristics of an individual?
Phenotype
If an individual has a homozygous recessive genotype for a gene, what can be said about the alleles they possess?
They have two identical recessive alleles
According to Mendel's Law of Dominance, what happens when an individual with a heterozygous genotype is crossed with an individual with a homozygous recessive genotype?
Half of the offspring will have a heterozygous genotype and half will have a homozygous recessive genotype
According to the passage, what is the relationship between the yellow and green trait in pea plants?
The yellow trait is dominant and the green trait is recessive.
When Mendel crossed two hybrid yellow-seeded pea plants, what ratio of yellow to green seeds did he observe in the pea pods?
3:1 ratio
What is the difference between a dominant allele and a recessive allele, as described in the passage?
A dominant allele encodes a protein that exerts its effects whenever it is present, while a recessive allele encodes a protein whose effects are masked if a dominant allele is also present.
According to the passage, which of the following statements about the dominance of an allele is true?
The dominance of an allele is not necessarily related to its frequency in the population.
What is the relationship between the allele symbols used in the passage and the dominance of the alleles?
The dominant allele is always represented by a capital letter, and the recessive allele is always represented by a lowercase letter.
Which of the following is an example of a dominant allele that is rare in the population, as described in the passage?
The allele that causes a form of dwarfism called achondroplasia in humans.
What is the relationship between the RR, Rr, and rr alleles in a flower species?
The RR alleles produce red flowers, the rr alleles produce white flowers, and the Rr alleles produce pink flowers.
According to Mendel's law of segregation, what happens to the two alleles of each gene during gamete formation?
The two alleles separate and each goes into a different gamete.
What did Mendel discover about the inheritance of two traits at the same time?
The inheritance of the two traits was independent, meaning they were inherited separately from each other.
What is the difference between a dominant allele and a recessive allele?
Dominant alleles are always expressed, while recessive alleles are never expressed.
How does meiosis relate to Mendel's law of segregation?
Meiosis is the process by which the two alleles of each gene are separated into different gametes, explaining Mendel's law of segregation.
What is the key difference between complete dominance and incomplete dominance?
In complete dominance, one allele is fully dominant over the other, while in incomplete dominance, the two alleles blend their effects.
Test your knowledge on Mendel's famous pea plant experiment and his observations on dominant and recessive traits. Explore the patterns he discovered in the inheritance of traits through his experiments.
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