Mendel's Pea Plant Experiment

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe an individual that has two identical alleles for a gene?

  • Phenotype
  • Homozygous recessive
  • Heterozygous
  • Homozygous dominant (correct)

If an individual has a heterozygous genotype for a gene, what does this mean?

  • The individual has two identical recessive alleles for the gene
  • The individual's phenotype is not known
  • The individual has two different alleles for the gene (correct)
  • The individual has two identical dominant alleles for the gene

According to Mendel's laws, what happens when an individual with a heterozygous genotype reproduces?

  • The offspring will all have a homozygous recessive genotype
  • The offspring will all have a homozygous dominant genotype
  • The offspring will have a 50% chance of inheriting each of the parent's alleles (correct)
  • The offspring will all have the same genotype as the parent

What is the term used to describe the observable characteristics of an individual?

<p>Phenotype (C)</p>
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If an individual has a homozygous recessive genotype for a gene, what can be said about the alleles they possess?

<p>They have two identical recessive alleles (B)</p>
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According to Mendel's Law of Dominance, what happens when an individual with a heterozygous genotype is crossed with an individual with a homozygous recessive genotype?

<p>Half of the offspring will have a heterozygous genotype and half will have a homozygous recessive genotype (B)</p>
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According to the passage, what is the relationship between the yellow and green trait in pea plants?

<p>The yellow trait is dominant and the green trait is recessive. (B)</p>
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When Mendel crossed two hybrid yellow-seeded pea plants, what ratio of yellow to green seeds did he observe in the pea pods?

<p>3:1 ratio (A)</p>
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What is the difference between a dominant allele and a recessive allele, as described in the passage?

<p>A dominant allele encodes a protein that exerts its effects whenever it is present, while a recessive allele encodes a protein whose effects are masked if a dominant allele is also present. (C)</p>
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According to the passage, which of the following statements about the dominance of an allele is true?

<p>The dominance of an allele is not necessarily related to its frequency in the population. (B)</p>
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What is the relationship between the allele symbols used in the passage and the dominance of the alleles?

<p>The dominant allele is always represented by a capital letter, and the recessive allele is always represented by a lowercase letter. (C)</p>
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Which of the following is an example of a dominant allele that is rare in the population, as described in the passage?

<p>The allele that causes a form of dwarfism called achondroplasia in humans. (A)</p>
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What is the relationship between the RR, Rr, and rr alleles in a flower species?

<p>The RR alleles produce red flowers, the rr alleles produce white flowers, and the Rr alleles produce pink flowers. (B)</p>
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According to Mendel's law of segregation, what happens to the two alleles of each gene during gamete formation?

<p>The two alleles separate and each goes into a different gamete. (D)</p>
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What did Mendel discover about the inheritance of two traits at the same time?

<p>The inheritance of the two traits was independent, meaning they were inherited separately from each other. (C)</p>
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What is the difference between a dominant allele and a recessive allele?

<p>Dominant alleles are always expressed, while recessive alleles are never expressed. (D)</p>
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How does meiosis relate to Mendel's law of segregation?

<p>Meiosis is the process by which the two alleles of each gene are separated into different gametes, explaining Mendel's law of segregation. (A)</p>
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What is the key difference between complete dominance and incomplete dominance?

<p>In complete dominance, one allele is fully dominant over the other, while in incomplete dominance, the two alleles blend their effects. (B)</p>
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