30 Questions
What is the purpose of a testcross in genetics?
To determine the genotype of an individual with unknown genotype
In Mendel's experiments, what is the ratio of offspring expected if a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant?
50% showing the dominant trait
Which term best describes traits that are most often seen in nature?
Wild-type traits
What is the possible genotype of a black dog if it produces offspring with both black and chocolate puppies?
BB or Bb
How did Mendel use testcrosses in his experiments with pea plants?
To verify true-breeding varieties
What inheritance pattern do many human traits controlled by single genes exhibit?
Simple Mendelian inheritance
What did Gregor Mendel refer to as 'heritable factors' which are now known as genes?
True-breeding parental plants
In Mendel's experiments, why did he choose to track only characters that occurred in 2 distinct alternative forms?
To simplify his experiments
What generation of offspring resulted from a monohybrid cross involving true-breeding parental plants?
F1 generation
What ratio did Mendel observe in the F2 generation when crossing true-breeding white- and purple-flowered pea plants?
~3:1
Why did Gregor Mendel's experiments contradict the blending hypothesis of inheritance?
White color disappeared in the F1 generation and reappeared in F2 offspring
Why did Mendel choose true-breeding parental plants for his experiments?
To ensure that the offspring would have the same characteristics as the parents
What genetic makeup would the offspring have if a true-breeding purple flower plant is crossed with a true-breeding white flower plant?
All Pp
In a monohybrid cross between two pea plants with the genotypes Pp and Pp, what is the probability of obtaining offspring with the genotype PP?
25%
According to Mendel's Law of Segregation, what happens during the production of gametes?
Allele pairs segregate and move into different gametes
What would be the phenotypic ratio of offspring resulting from a cross between two pea plants with the genotype Pp?
3 purple : 1 white
What is the genotypic ratio expected in the F2 generation when crossing two pea plants with the genotype Pp?
1 PP : 2 Pp : 1 pp
What principle of inheritance states that the inheritance of one character does not affect the inheritance of another?
The Principle of Independent Assortment
Which situation may result in an inheritance pattern that deviates from simple Mendelian patterns?
Incomplete dominance
What is the term used to describe when phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical?
Complete dominance
In a monohybrid cross, what would be the expected phenotype ratio of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous parents with complete dominance?
3:1
What term describes the appearance of F1 hybrids falling between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties?
Incomplete dominance
If two normal parents (Aa) have a child with albinism (aa), what is the probability that their next child will also have albinism?
$\frac{1}{4}$
How can consanguineous matings affect the chance of mating between two carriers of the same rare allele?
Increase
What term describes dangerously high levels of blood cholesterol?
Hypercholesterolemia
In codominance, how do 2 dominant alleles affect the phenotype?
They both express fully in the heterozygote
What characterizes incomplete dominance in human hypercholesterolemia?
Partial expression of both alleles resulting in an intermediate phenotype
How many alleles are responsible for determining the ABO blood group phenotypes in humans?
3
What type of traits depend on multiple genes combined with environmental influences?
Polygenic traits
How are the A and B carbohydrates attached to red blood cells in the ABO blood group system?
By genes IA, IB, and I
Test your knowledge on Mendel's Law of Segregation and Hypotheses, which explain the inheritance patterns of alleles in genetics. Explore topics such as allele pairs, genetic makeup, Punnett squares, and F2 generation ratios.
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