genetics
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a testcross in genetics?

  • To determine the genotype of an individual with unknown genotype (correct)
  • To study multiple genes simultaneously
  • To produce offspring with specific traits
  • To verify that a plant is true-breeding
  • In Mendel's experiments, what is the ratio of offspring expected if a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant?

  • 100% showing the dominant trait
  • 25% showing the dominant trait
  • 75% showing the dominant trait
  • 50% showing the dominant trait (correct)
  • Which term best describes traits that are most often seen in nature?

  • Dominant traits
  • Wild-type traits (correct)
  • Heterozygous traits
  • Recessive traits
  • What is the possible genotype of a black dog if it produces offspring with both black and chocolate puppies?

    <p>BB or Bb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Mendel use testcrosses in his experiments with pea plants?

    <p>To verify true-breeding varieties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inheritance pattern do many human traits controlled by single genes exhibit?

    <p>Simple Mendelian inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Gregor Mendel refer to as 'heritable factors' which are now known as genes?

    <p>True-breeding parental plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Mendel's experiments, why did he choose to track only characters that occurred in 2 distinct alternative forms?

    <p>To simplify his experiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generation of offspring resulted from a monohybrid cross involving true-breeding parental plants?

    <p>F1 generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ratio did Mendel observe in the F2 generation when crossing true-breeding white- and purple-flowered pea plants?

    <p>~3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Gregor Mendel's experiments contradict the blending hypothesis of inheritance?

    <p>White color disappeared in the F1 generation and reappeared in F2 offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Mendel choose true-breeding parental plants for his experiments?

    <p>To ensure that the offspring would have the same characteristics as the parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic makeup would the offspring have if a true-breeding purple flower plant is crossed with a true-breeding white flower plant?

    <p>All Pp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a monohybrid cross between two pea plants with the genotypes Pp and Pp, what is the probability of obtaining offspring with the genotype PP?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Mendel's Law of Segregation, what happens during the production of gametes?

    <p>Allele pairs segregate and move into different gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the phenotypic ratio of offspring resulting from a cross between two pea plants with the genotype Pp?

    <p>3 purple : 1 white</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotypic ratio expected in the F2 generation when crossing two pea plants with the genotype Pp?

    <p>1 PP : 2 Pp : 1 pp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle of inheritance states that the inheritance of one character does not affect the inheritance of another?

    <p>The Principle of Independent Assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which situation may result in an inheritance pattern that deviates from simple Mendelian patterns?

    <p>Incomplete dominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe when phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical?

    <p>Complete dominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a monohybrid cross, what would be the expected phenotype ratio of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous parents with complete dominance?

    <p>3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the appearance of F1 hybrids falling between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties?

    <p>Incomplete dominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If two normal parents (Aa) have a child with albinism (aa), what is the probability that their next child will also have albinism?

    <p>$\frac{1}{4}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can consanguineous matings affect the chance of mating between two carriers of the same rare allele?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes dangerously high levels of blood cholesterol?

    <p>Hypercholesterolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In codominance, how do 2 dominant alleles affect the phenotype?

    <p>They both express fully in the heterozygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes incomplete dominance in human hypercholesterolemia?

    <p>Partial expression of both alleles resulting in an intermediate phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many alleles are responsible for determining the ABO blood group phenotypes in humans?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of traits depend on multiple genes combined with environmental influences?

    <p>Polygenic traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the A and B carbohydrates attached to red blood cells in the ABO blood group system?

    <p>By genes IA, IB, and I</p> Signup and view all the answers

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