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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of Mendelian Inheritance?
What is the principle stated by the Law of Segregation?
What is the purpose of a Punnett Square?
What type of inheritance is characterized by a dominant allele being expressed if an individual has one copy of the allele?
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Which of the following is NOT one of Mendel's Laws?
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What is the result of the combination of alleles from different genes during gamete formation?
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What is the term for the physical expression of a trait?
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Which type of inheritance is linked to the X chromosome?
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What is the primary contribution of Gregor Mendel to the field of genetics?
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What is the purpose of understanding Mendelian Inheritance?
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Study Notes
Mendelian Inheritance
Key Principles
- Based on the work of Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk and botanist
- Describes the inheritance of traits in a predictable manner
- Focuses on the transmission of single genes from one generation to the next
Mendel's Laws
-
The Law of Segregation
- Each pair of alleles separates during gamete formation
- Each allele has an equal chance of being inherited
-
The Law of Independent Assortment
- Alleles of different genes are sorted independently during gamete formation
- The combination of alleles from different genes is random
-
The Law of Dominance
- One allele can be dominant over another allele
- The dominant allele will be expressed in the phenotype
Types of Inheritance
- Autosomal Dominant: A dominant allele will always be expressed if an individual has one copy of the allele
- Autosomal Recessive: A recessive allele will only be expressed if an individual has two copies of the allele
- X-Linked: Traits linked to the X chromosome, which can affect the expression of the trait
Punnett Squares
- A graphical representation of the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
- Used to predict the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes
- Can be used to determine the likelihood of certain traits being inherited
Genotype vs. Phenotype
- Genotype: The genetic makeup of an individual (e.g., BB, Bb, or bb)
- Phenotype: The physical expression of a trait (e.g., blue eyes or brown eyes)
Terminology
- Allele: A variant of a gene
- Homozygous: Having two copies of the same allele (e.g., BB or bb)
- Heterozygous: Having one copy of each of two different alleles (e.g., Bb)
- Genotype frequency: The proportion of individuals in a population with a specific genotype
- Phenotype frequency: The proportion of individuals in a population with a specific phenotype
Mendelian Inheritance
- Based on the work of Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk and botanist
- Describes the inheritance of traits in a predictable manner
- Focuses on the transmission of single genes from one generation to the next
Mendel's Laws
- The Law of Segregation: Each pair of alleles separates during gamete formation, and each allele has an equal chance of being inherited
- The Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles of different genes are sorted independently during gamete formation, and the combination of alleles from different genes is random
- The Law of Dominance: One allele can be dominant over another allele, and the dominant allele will be expressed in the phenotype
Types of Inheritance
- Autosomal Dominant: A dominant allele will always be expressed if an individual has one copy of the allele
- Autosomal Recessive: A recessive allele will only be expressed if an individual has two copies of the allele
- X-Linked: Traits linked to the X chromosome, which can affect the expression of the trait
Punnett Squares
- A graphical representation of the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
- Used to predict the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes
- Can be used to determine the likelihood of certain traits being inherited
Genotype vs. Phenotype
- Genotype: The genetic makeup of an individual (e.g., BB, Bb, or bb)
- Phenotype: The physical expression of a trait (e.g., blue eyes or brown eyes)
Terminology
- Allele: A variant of a gene
- Homozygous: Having two copies of the same allele (e.g., BB or bb)
- Heterozygous: Having one copy of each of two different alleles (e.g., Bb)
- Genotype frequency: The proportion of individuals in a population with a specific genotype
- Phenotype frequency: The proportion of individuals in a population with a specific phenotype
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Description
Test your knowledge of Mendel's laws, including segregation and independent assortment, and how they describe the inheritance of traits in a predictable manner.
