6 Questions
Which of the following laws states that alleles for different genes are sorted independently of each other during gamete formation?
The Law of Independent Assortment
What is the primary function of a Punnett Square in Mendelian Inheritance?
To predict the probability of inherited traits in offspring
What is the term for the proportion of variation in a trait that is due to genetics?
Heritability
Which of the following statements is true about the Law of Dominance?
The dominant allele will be expressed in the phenotype
In a cross between two parents, which type of inheritance pattern would result in the expression of both alleles in the phenotype?
Co-Dominance
What is the term for the type of inheritance pattern where one copy of the dominant allele is enough to express the trait?
Autosomal Dominant
Study Notes
Mendelian Inheritance
Key Concepts
- Mendel's Laws: 3 laws that describe how traits are inherited in a predictable manner
- Heritability: the proportion of variation in a trait that is due to genetics
The Three Laws of Mendelian Inheritance
-
The Law of Segregation
- Each pair of alleles separates from each other during gamete formation
- Each gamete receives only one allele
-
The Law of Independent Assortment
- Alleles for different genes are sorted independently of each other during gamete formation
- Increases genetic variation in offspring
-
The Law of Dominance
- One allele can be dominant over another allele
- Dominant allele will be expressed in the phenotype
Types of Inheritance Patterns
- Autosomal Dominant: one copy of the dominant allele is enough to express the trait
- Autosomal Recessive: two copies of the recessive allele are needed to express the trait
- X-Linked: genes located on the X chromosome, influencing trait expression in males and females differently
- Incomplete Dominance: one allele is not completely dominant over the other
- Co-Dominance: both alleles have an equal effect on the phenotype
Predicting Inheritance with Punnett Squares
- A graphical representation of possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
- Helps predict probability of inherited traits
- Used to determine genotype and phenotype probabilities for a cross between two parents
Mendelian Inheritance
Key Concepts
- Mendel's Laws describe how traits are inherited in a predictable manner
- Heritability is the proportion of variation in a trait that is due to genetics
The Three Laws of Mendelian Inheritance
Law of Segregation
- Each pair of alleles separates from each other during gamete formation
- Each gamete receives only one allele
Law of Independent Assortment
- Alleles for different genes are sorted independently of each other during gamete formation
- Increases genetic variation in offspring
Law of Dominance
- One allele can be dominant over another allele
- Dominant allele will be expressed in the phenotype
Types of Inheritance Patterns
Autosomal Dominant
- One copy of the dominant allele is enough to express the trait
- Examples: Huntington's disease, Achondroplasia
Autosomal Recessive
- Two copies of the recessive allele are needed to express the trait
- Examples: Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Anemia
X-Linked
- Genes located on the X chromosome, influencing trait expression in males and females differently
- Examples: Hemophilia, Red-Green Color Blindness
Incomplete Dominance and Co-Dominance
- Incomplete Dominance: one allele is not completely dominant over the other
- Co-Dominance: both alleles have an equal effect on the phenotype
- Examples: Blood Type, Flower Color
Predicting Inheritance with Punnett Squares
- A graphical representation of possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
- Helps predict probability of inherited traits
- Used to determine genotype and phenotype probabilities for a cross between two parents
Test your understanding of Mendel's Laws and how they describe the inheritance of traits in a predictable manner. Keywords: heritability, genetics
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
