Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Inheritance
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Questions and Answers

What does codominance result in when two different alleles are expressed?

  • Distinct patches of color (correct)
  • An intermediate phenotype
  • A single dominant phenotype
  • A blended phenotype

    • Which outcome illustrates incomplete dominance in flowers?

  • White flowers masking the red traits
  • Red and white flowers producing pink flowers (correct)
  • Only red flowers being produced
  • Red and white flowers producing red flowers

    • In the cross of a black-furred male dog and a white-furred female dog, what type of inheritance is displayed?

  • Recessive traits
  • Incomplete dominance
  • Complete dominance
  • Codominance (correct)

    • What can be the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation in snapdragons following incomplete dominance?

    <p>1:2:1 Red to Pink to White</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two heterozygous pink snapdragons are crossed?

    <p>There will be a mix of red, pink, and white offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of incomplete dominance compared to codominance?

    <p>The offspring display a mixture of traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which allele combination results in a white flower in snapdragons?

    <p>CWCW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a black dog and a white dog have offspring with mixed coat colors, what genetic principle is being applied?

    <p>Both alleles are fully and separately expressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of X-linked dominant traits?

    <p>Generally more severe effects in males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is specifically mentioned as X-linked recessive?

    <p>Fragile X syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a sex-limited trait?

    <p>Only affects structures present in one sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates a sex-influenced trait?

    <p>Baldness in males and females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable consequence of X-linked dominant traits?

    <p>Higher rates of miscarriage due to early lethality in males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does red-green color blindness primarily affect individuals?

    <p>It results in a difficulty distinguishing shades of red and green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormonal factors influence the expression of sex-influenced traits?

    <p>Hormonal differences between the sexes can impact gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Duchenne muscular dystrophy is true?

    <p>It causes muscle degeneration and is severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenotypic ratio is observed when the F1 generation cross-pollinates with true breeding white plants?

    <p>1:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal is commonly cited in examples of incomplete dominance?

    <p>Chickens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenotypic outcome when a long-furred Angora rabbit and a short-furred Rex rabbit reproduce?

    <p>Offspring have fur longer than a Rex but shorter than an Angora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the tail length of pups from long-tailed and short-tailed parents?

    <p>Medium-length tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical result when a cream gene is paired with a red allele in horses?

    <p>Golden coats such as palominos and buckskins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the scientist that first recorded incomplete dominance in plants?

    <p>Josef Kolreuter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unexpected result did Josef Kolreuter find when breeding red and white carnations?

    <p>Many offspring were pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of four-o-clocks in terms of their flowering time?

    <p>They bloom in the late afternoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes polygenic inheritance?

    <p>Continuous variation of phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits in humans is a result of polygenic inheritance?

    <p>Skin color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation from two triple heterozygotes (AaBbCc x AaBbCc)?

    <p>1:6:15:20:15:6:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many loci are involved in the inheritance of skin pigmentation?

    <p>60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the environment play in polygenic traits like height?

    <p>It significantly influences the expression of genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of wheat kernel pigmentation, what type of allele contributes the most pigment?

    <p>AA allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about eye color inheritance in humans is accurate?

    <p>At least 9 colors of eye color are recognized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as a null allele?

    <p>An allele that has no contribution to the phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color flowers are produced when red and white four-o-clocks are mixed?

    <p>Pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected phenotypic ratio of offspring when pink four-o-clocks are crossed?

    <p>1 red, 1 pink, 1 white</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about incomplete dominance in humans is true?

    <p>It can cause diseases with mixed enzyme production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of crossing deep purple eggplants with white eggplants?

    <p>Light violet eggplants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT an example of incomplete dominance?

    <p>Blue eyes from brown and green genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait demonstrates incomplete dominance in plants?

    <p>Flower color in snapdragons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a gene with multiple alleles?

    <p>It has three or more alleles present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic outcome occurs when two carriers of Tay-Sachs disease have a child?

    <p>The child may have the disease if both alleles are recessive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is incomplete dominance important for crop improvement?

    <p>It promotes healthier plants with multiple traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the ABO blood group system, which of the following alleles is recessive?

    <p>i</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements holds true about polygenic inheritance?

    <p>It involves multiple genes affecting a single trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between multiple alleles and polygenic inheritance?

    <p>Multiple alleles are present in the same locus, while polygenic traits involve multiple loci.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following alleles is codominant with each other in the ABO blood group system?

    <p>IA and IB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does polygenic inheritance affect phenotype expression?

    <p>Each gene contributes equally to the phenotype.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the effect of multiple alleles?

    <p>Only two alleles can be expressed at a time in an individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is most likely to be affected by polygenic inheritance?

    <p>Eye color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mendelian Inheritance

    • Gregor Mendel observed simple patterns in pea plants.
    • Each gene had two versions, or alleles.
    • A dominant allele completely masked a recessive allele in the heterozygote.

    Non-Mendelian Inheritance

    • Not all alleles have a simple dominance relationship.
    • Multiple alleles of a gene exist in a population.
    • Alleles can interact in various ways to determine an organism's phenotype.

    Codominance

    • Both alleles are expressed equally when codominant.
    • An individual with two different codominant alleles displays both traits simultaneously.
    • This is exemplified in blood types (e.g., AB blood type).

    Incomplete Dominance

    • One allele doesn't fully mask the other.
    • The resulting phenotype is a blend of both parent phenotypes.
    • Illustrated in snapdragons, where red and white flowers produce pink offspring.

    Multiple Alleles

    • A gene with more than two alleles.
    • Different alleles produce variations in a trait.
    • The ABO blood group system in humans is an example.

    Polygenic Inheritance

    • Multiple genes influence a single trait.
    • The expression of the trait shows continuous variation.
    • Examples of polygenic traits in humans include height, skin color, and eye color.

    Sex Linkage

    • Genes located on sex chromosomes show unique inheritance patterns.
    • Sex-linked traits differ in expression between males and females.
    • Examples: color blindness, hemophilia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

    Sex-Influenced Traits

    • An allele is dominant in one sex but recessive in another.
    • Differences in hormonal levels between sexes influence the trait's expression.
    • Baldness in humans (often male-dominant) is an example.

    Sex-Limited Traits

    • Body structures or functions are limited to one sex.
    • The gene for such traits may be on the X or autosomal chromosomes.
    • Beard growth in humans is an example.

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    Related Documents

    Non-Mendelian Inheritance PDF

    Description

    Explore the principles of Mendelian and Non-Mendelian inheritance through this quiz. Understand how dominant and recessive alleles interact, and learn about concepts such as codominance and incomplete dominance. Test your knowledge on multiple alleles and their effects on phenotypes.

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