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Questions and Answers
What is the term for a group of individuals with the same genetic background?
What is the term for a group of individuals with the same genetic background?
- Heterozygous
- Pure line (correct)
- Phenotype
- Hybrid
Which of the following describes a situation where the phenotype of a heterozygote is a blend of the phenotypes of both homozygous parents?
Which of the following describes a situation where the phenotype of a heterozygote is a blend of the phenotypes of both homozygous parents?
- Mendelian inheritance
- Incomplete dominance (correct)
- Multiple alleles
- Codominance
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
- To study the inheritance patterns of multiple alleles.
- To understand the concept of codominance.
- To determine the genotype of a parent based on the offspring's phenotype.
- To predict the phenotypes and genotypes of offspring from a cross. (correct)
Which of these scenarios demonstrates codominance?
Which of these scenarios demonstrates codominance?
In a Mendelian inheritance pattern, what is the term for the observable physical trait?
In a Mendelian inheritance pattern, what is the term for the observable physical trait?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to non-Mendelian inheritance?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to non-Mendelian inheritance?
What is the difference between a homozygous dominant genotype and a heterozygous genotype?
What is the difference between a homozygous dominant genotype and a heterozygous genotype?
Flashcards
Allele
Allele
One of two or more forms a gene may take.
Dominant
Dominant
An allele that overshadows another allele, often expressed in capital letters.
Recessive
Recessive
An allele that is overshadowed by a dominant allele, expressed in small letters.
Homozygous
Homozygous
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Heterozygous
Heterozygous
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Phenotype
Phenotype
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Genotype
Genotype
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Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete Dominance
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Study Notes
Mendelian Genetics Definitions
- Allele: One of two or more forms of a gene.
- Dominant Allele: The allele that overshadows the other allele (usually capitalized).
- Recessive Allele: The allele that is covered by a dominant allele (usually lowercase).
- Homozygous: Having identical alleles for a gene (e.g., TT or tt).
- Heterozygous: Having different alleles for a gene (e.g., Tt).
- Pure Line: A group of individuals with similar genetic backgrounds.
- Hybrid: A group of individuals with different genetic backgrounds.
- Phenotype: The physical trait.
- Genotype: The genetic makeup.
- Gametes: Sex cells carrying genes.
- Progeny: Offspring.
Punnett Square
- A square diagram used to predict offspring genotypes.
- Developed by Reginald Punnett in 1905.
- Predicts the percentage of phenotypes in offspring.
- Used to determine missing genotypes.
Non-Mendelian Genetics
- Inheritance is more complex than in pea plants studied by Mendel.
- Inheritance can show more than two phenotypes.
Incomplete Dominance
- The heterozygote offspring phenotype is intermediate between the homozygous parents.
- The dominant allele is not completely dominant.
- Phenotype shows intermediate phenotype when both alleles are present
- Genotype can be determined from the phenotype.
Codominance
- Both alleles are expressed equally in the heterozygote's phenotype.
Multiple Alleles
- Some genes have more than two alleles.
- Example: ABO blood types in humans.
Polygenic Traits
- Controlled by more than one gene.
- Each gene may have multiple alleles.
- Genes can be on the same or different chromosomes.
- Inheritance is complex, resulting in many possible phenotypes.
- Examples include human traits like hair color, height, skin color, blood pressure, intelligence, Autism, longevity.
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