Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Genetics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a group of individuals with the same genetic background?

  • Heterozygous
  • Pure line (correct)
  • Phenotype
  • Hybrid

    • Which of the following describes a situation where the phenotype of a heterozygote is a blend of the phenotypes of both homozygous parents?

  • Mendelian inheritance
  • Incomplete dominance (correct)
  • Multiple alleles
  • Codominance

    • What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

  • To study the inheritance patterns of multiple alleles.
  • To understand the concept of codominance.
  • To determine the genotype of a parent based on the offspring's phenotype.
  • To predict the phenotypes and genotypes of offspring from a cross. (correct)

    • Which of these scenarios demonstrates codominance?

    <p>A person with type A blood and a person with type B blood have a child with type AB blood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Mendelian inheritance pattern, what is the term for the observable physical trait?

    <p>Phenotype (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to non-Mendelian inheritance?

    <p>Segregation of alleles during meiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a homozygous dominant genotype and a heterozygous genotype?

    <p>The homozygous dominant genotype has two copies of the dominant allele, while the heterozygous genotype has one copy of the dominant allele and one copy of the recessive allele. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Allele

    One of two or more forms a gene may take.

    Dominant

    An allele that overshadows another allele, often expressed in capital letters.

    Recessive

    An allele that is overshadowed by a dominant allele, expressed in small letters.

    Homozygous

    Having the same alleles for a gene, either dominant (TT) or recessive (tt).

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    Heterozygous

    Having different alleles for a gene (Tt).

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    Phenotype

    The physical trait or appearance of an organism.

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    Genotype

    The genetic makeup of an organism.

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    Incomplete Dominance

    A condition where a heterozygote's phenotype is intermediate between both homozygous parents' phenotypes.

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    Study Notes

    Mendelian Genetics Definitions

    • Allele: One of two or more forms of a gene.
    • Dominant Allele: The allele that overshadows the other allele (usually capitalized).
    • Recessive Allele: The allele that is covered by a dominant allele (usually lowercase).
    • Homozygous: Having identical alleles for a gene (e.g., TT or tt).
    • Heterozygous: Having different alleles for a gene (e.g., Tt).
    • Pure Line: A group of individuals with similar genetic backgrounds.
    • Hybrid: A group of individuals with different genetic backgrounds.
    • Phenotype: The physical trait.
    • Genotype: The genetic makeup.
    • Gametes: Sex cells carrying genes.
    • Progeny: Offspring.

    Punnett Square

    • A square diagram used to predict offspring genotypes.
    • Developed by Reginald Punnett in 1905.
    • Predicts the percentage of phenotypes in offspring.
    • Used to determine missing genotypes.

    Non-Mendelian Genetics

    • Inheritance is more complex than in pea plants studied by Mendel.
    • Inheritance can show more than two phenotypes.

    Incomplete Dominance

    • The heterozygote offspring phenotype is intermediate between the homozygous parents.
    • The dominant allele is not completely dominant.
    • Phenotype shows intermediate phenotype when both alleles are present
    • Genotype can be determined from the phenotype.

    Codominance

    • Both alleles are expressed equally in the heterozygote's phenotype.

    Multiple Alleles

    • Some genes have more than two alleles.
    • Example: ABO blood types in humans.

    Polygenic Traits

    • Controlled by more than one gene.
    • Each gene may have multiple alleles.
    • Genes can be on the same or different chromosomes.
    • Inheritance is complex, resulting in many possible phenotypes.
    • Examples include human traits like hair color, height, skin color, blood pressure, intelligence, Autism, longevity.

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    Mendelian Genetics - PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of Mendelian and non-Mendelian genetics with this comprehensive quiz. Cover key definitions, concepts like the Punnett square, and the complexities of inheritance. Perfect for students studying genetics in high school or college.

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