Memory Sizes Ordering and Storage Calculations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

In the fire alarm system described, when should the alarm bell ring?

  • When the system is turned on (correct)
  • When the call point button is pressed
  • When it receives a 0 as an input
  • When the heat sensor detects a fire
  • What does an embedded system do when it receives a 1 as input?

  • Rings the alarm bell (correct)
  • Detects a fire
  • Ignores the input
  • Does not ring the alarm bell
  • At which layer of the TCP/IP stack does 'Routes a packet across a network' task take place?

  • Physical layer
  • Transport layer
  • Network layer (correct)
  • Data link layer
  • What is the purpose of the Fetch-Execute cycle in a computer system?

    <p>Executing instructions stored in memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of an operating system?

    <p>Managing volatile memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is assembly language often used to control embedded systems?

    <p>To simplify hardware interfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Fetch stage in the Fetch-Execute cycle?

    <p>To fetch the instruction from memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is known for losing its contents when the power is turned off?

    <p>RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential function of an operating system?

    <p>Controlling hardware resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When comparing wired and wireless networking, what is a disadvantage of wired networking?

    <p>Limited mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sound sampling and storage, what does a higher sampling rate result in?

    <p>Higher quality sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Algorithm B considered more efficient than Algorithm A in finding the sum of numbers from 1 to N?

    <p>Algorithm B has a faster execution time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an operating system in managing memory?

    <p>Managing virtual memory to assist RAM usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sound sampling, what is the purpose of the Fetch stage?

    <p>Fetching the next sound sample from storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common function of an operating system apart from memory management?

    <p>Controlling peripheral devices like printers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes volatile memory from non-volatile memory in a computer system?

    <p>Volatile memory requires constant power to preserve data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the Fetch-Execute cycle does actual data processing occur?

    <p>Execute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of insufficient RAM management by an operating system?

    <p>Reduced multitasking capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Binary Numbers

    • Binary numbers can be added together
    • Example: 01010000 + 00010010

    Networking

    • Computers can be connected using wires or wirelessly
    • Wired networking has advantages and disadvantages compared to wireless networking
    • Advantages:
    • Disadvantages:

    Algorithms

    • Algorithm A calculates the sum of all whole numbers between 1 and a positive number N
    • Algorithm B is more efficient than Algorithm A
    • Algorithm B uses the formula: (N * (N + 1)) / 2
    • Efficiency refers to the time and resources used by an algorithm

    Memory

    • Different amounts of memory can be listed in size order
    • 1 byte is larger than 12 bits
    • 100 kilobytes is larger than 1 byte
    • 50 megabytes is larger than 100 kilobytes
    • 4 terabytes is a large amount of storage space
    • A 4 terabyte USB flash memory drive can store many 500 gigabyte files

    Operating System

    • The operating system acts as a memory manager
    • Other functions of the operating system include:
    • Managing input/output operations
    • Managing files and storage

    Fetch-Execute Cycle

    • The Fetch-Execute cycle has three stages
    • Stage 1: Fetch
    • Stage 2: Decode
    • Stage 3: Execute

    Memory Types

    • Main memory consists of both volatile and non-volatile memory
    • Volatile memory loses its contents when the power is turned off
    • Non-volatile memory retains its contents when the power is turned off
    • ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory

    Sound Sampling

    • Sound can be sampled and stored digitally on a computer
    • Steps involved in sampling sound:
    • Capturing the sound wave
    • Converting the sound wave to digital data
    • Storing the digital data on a computer

    Logic Circuits

    • A logic circuit can be used to represent a fire alarm system
    • The alarm system has two inputs: heat sensor and call point button
    • The alarm system has one output: alarm bell

    Boolean Expression

    • A Boolean expression can be used to represent a logic circuit
    • The Boolean expression for the alarm system is: B = (Heat Sensor OR Call Point Button)

    Embedded Systems

    • An embedded system is a computer system that is used to control a device or machine
    • Embedded systems are often used in devices such as traffic lights, elevators, and appliances
    • Embedded systems are different from non-embedded systems such as desktop computers
    • Two differences between embedded systems and non-embedded systems are:
    • Embedded systems are designed to perform a specific task
    • Embedded systems are often used in real-time applications

    TCP/IP Stack

    • The TCP/IP stack is a model of network communication
    • The TCP/IP stack has four layers
    • Each layer has a specific function in the network communication process
    • The layers are: Network Access,Internet, Transport, and Application
    • Tasks are performed at each layer, including:
    • Routing a packet across a network
    • Setting up the communication between two hosts
    • Implementing the hardware interface to the network

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    Test your knowledge on memory sizes by ordering them from smallest to largest and calculating storage space available for files. Includes questions on bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes.

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