Memory Sizes Ordering and Storage Calculations Quiz

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Questions and Answers

In the fire alarm system described, when should the alarm bell ring?

When the system is turned on

What does an embedded system do when it receives a 1 as input?

Rings the alarm bell

At which layer of the TCP/IP stack does 'Routes a packet across a network' task take place?

Network layer

What is the purpose of the Fetch-Execute cycle in a computer system?

Executing instructions stored in memory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of an operating system?

Managing volatile memory Signup and view all the answers

Why is assembly language often used to control embedded systems?

To simplify hardware interfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Fetch stage in the Fetch-Execute cycle?

To fetch the instruction from memory Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory is known for losing its contents when the power is turned off?

RAM Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential function of an operating system?

Controlling hardware resources Signup and view all the answers

When comparing wired and wireless networking, what is a disadvantage of wired networking?

Limited mobility Signup and view all the answers

In sound sampling and storage, what does a higher sampling rate result in?

Higher quality sound Signup and view all the answers

Why is Algorithm B considered more efficient than Algorithm A in finding the sum of numbers from 1 to N?

Algorithm B has a faster execution time Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an operating system in managing memory?

Managing virtual memory to assist RAM usage Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sound sampling, what is the purpose of the Fetch stage?

Fetching the next sound sample from storage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common function of an operating system apart from memory management?

Controlling peripheral devices like printers Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes volatile memory from non-volatile memory in a computer system?

Volatile memory requires constant power to preserve data Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the Fetch-Execute cycle does actual data processing occur?

Execute Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of insufficient RAM management by an operating system?

Reduced multitasking capabilities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Binary Numbers

Binary numbers can be added together
Example: 01010000 + 00010010

Networking

Computers can be connected using wires or wirelessly
Wired networking has advantages and disadvantages compared to wireless networking
Advantages:
Disadvantages:

Algorithms

Algorithm A calculates the sum of all whole numbers between 1 and a positive number N
Algorithm B is more efficient than Algorithm A
Algorithm B uses the formula: (N * (N + 1)) / 2
Efficiency refers to the time and resources used by an algorithm

Memory

Different amounts of memory can be listed in size order
1 byte is larger than 12 bits
100 kilobytes is larger than 1 byte
50 megabytes is larger than 100 kilobytes
4 terabytes is a large amount of storage space
A 4 terabyte USB flash memory drive can store many 500 gigabyte files

Operating System

The operating system acts as a memory manager
Other functions of the operating system include:
Managing input/output operations
Managing files and storage

Fetch-Execute Cycle

The Fetch-Execute cycle has three stages
Stage 1: Fetch
Stage 2: Decode
Stage 3: Execute

Memory Types

Main memory consists of both volatile and non-volatile memory
Volatile memory loses its contents when the power is turned off
Non-volatile memory retains its contents when the power is turned off
ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory

Sound Sampling

Sound can be sampled and stored digitally on a computer
Steps involved in sampling sound:
Capturing the sound wave
Converting the sound wave to digital data
Storing the digital data on a computer

Logic Circuits

A logic circuit can be used to represent a fire alarm system
The alarm system has two inputs: heat sensor and call point button
The alarm system has one output: alarm bell

Boolean Expression

A Boolean expression can be used to represent a logic circuit
The Boolean expression for the alarm system is: B = (Heat Sensor OR Call Point Button)

Embedded Systems

An embedded system is a computer system that is used to control a device or machine
Embedded systems are often used in devices such as traffic lights, elevators, and appliances
Embedded systems are different from non-embedded systems such as desktop computers
Two differences between embedded systems and non-embedded systems are:
Embedded systems are designed to perform a specific task
Embedded systems are often used in real-time applications

TCP/IP Stack

The TCP/IP stack is a model of network communication
The TCP/IP stack has four layers
Each layer has a specific function in the network communication process
The layers are: Network Access,Internet, Transport, and Application
Tasks are performed at each layer, including:
Routing a packet across a network
Setting up the communication between two hosts
Implementing the hardware interface to the network

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