Memory and Learning Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which system is responsible for the dynamic regulation of posture and movement through collaboration of body systems?

  • Response programming system
  • Sensory feedback system
  • Motor control system (correct)
  • Central pattern generator system

    • Which stage of motor control involves the underlying meaning placed on the initial stimulus?

  • Stimulus identification (correct)
  • Motor plan
  • Response selection
  • Task classification

    • Which type of task classification has no definitive beginning or end?

  • Discrete task
  • Continuous task (correct)
  • Serial task
  • Environmental task

    • Which construct of interaction affects movement by distractions, firmness, and lighting?

    <p>Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the motor plan solidifies the response programming portion of motor control?

    <p>Motor programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is characterized by the refinement of hand-eye coordination and the ability to improve movement within the demands of the environment?

    <p>Adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is associated with a 10-15% decline in muscle per decade due to age-related muscle decline?

    <p>Middle adulthood (40-59 years)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory requires verbal expression of processes and the ability to recall facts or sequences?

    <p>Declarative memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which motor memory type involves subconscious, reflexive, and 'autopilot' learning?

    <p>Non-declarative memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex disappears around 4 months of age in infants?

    <p>Rooting reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory focuses on the idea that movement occurs through sensory processing for error detection and correction?

    <p>Closed Loop Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory in motor learning emphasizes the need for motivation and attention to task in order to improve motor performance?

    <p>Optimal Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory is rooted in the idea that movement is a collaboration of all systems that produce and refine movement, rather than solely stemming from the central nervous system?

    <p>Dynamic Systems Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of motor learning focuses on the environment and the requirement of perception for successful movement to occur?

    <p>Ecological Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of motor learning strives to incorporate meaningful individual learning and emphasizes motivation and environment?

    <p>Optimal Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of motor skills involves skills that are typically acquired in childhood and involve large muscle groups?

    <p>Gross Motor Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between open motor skills and closed motor skills?

    <p>Open motor skills are unpredictable, while closed motor skills occur in a relatively unchanging environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which taxonomy provides structure to changes in the inherent characteristics of a task or activity?

    <p>Gentile’s Taxonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does controlled mobility/dynamic postural control refer to?

    <p>Ability to maintain postural stability while parts of the body are moving relative to a fixed base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of fine motor skills?

    <p>More precise movements related to daily living activities and hand-eye coordination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of motor control involves the purposeful plan for movement made up of several components?

    <p>Motor plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which construct of interaction affects movement through distractions, firmness, and lighting?

    <p>Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of task classification has no definitive beginning or end?

    <p>Continuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which memory type involves subconscious, reflexive, and 'autopilot' learning?

    <p>Procedural memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory in motor learning emphasizes the need for motivation and attention to task in order to improve motor performance?

    <p>Self-determination theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which motor skill typically develops in children aged 5-6 years?

    <p>Skipping with alternating feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of movement skills in adolescence?

    <p>Complex motor skills and abstract thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range associated with the onset of sarcopenia, an age-related muscle decline?

    <p>40-59 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory requires verbal expression of processes and the ability to recall facts or sequences?

    <p>Declarative memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of learning style focuses on real-world examples and experiences?

    <p>Intuitive/global</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of motor learning emphasizes the need for motivation and attention to task in order to improve motor performance?

    <p>OPTIMAL Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 2 principles of OPTIMAL Theory of Motor Learning?

    <p>Autonomy and Enhanced Expectancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory provided the idea that movement occurs through sensory processing for error detection and correction?

    <p>Closed Loop Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 stages of motor learning?

    <p>Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory concentrates on a generalized motor program that can be developed and create more subconscious action?

    <p>Dynamic Systems Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between gross motor skills and fine motor skills?

    <p>Gross motor skills involve large muscle groups and are typically acquired in childhood, while fine motor skills are more precise in nature and involve smaller muscles of hands or feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of closed motor skills?

    <p>They occur within a relatively unchanging environment with stability, making them easier to begin with for many patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does controlled mobility/dynamic postural control refer to?

    <p>Ability to maintain postural stability while parts of the body are moving relative to a fixed base, such as reaching with feet planted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Gentile’s Taxonomy in motor skills?

    <p>It provides structure to changes in both the inherent characteristics of a task or activity, with difficulty level increasing as tasks get harder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of open motor skills?

    <p>They are unpredictable in nature, making the environment more of a challenge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Motor Control and Posture

    • The nervous system coordinates posture and movement through the collaboration of various body systems.
    • Controlled mobility, or dynamic postural control, refers to maintaining stability while moving or transitioning between positions.

    Stages and Theories of Motor Control

    • The initial stimulus's underlying meaning is interpreted during the cognitive stage of motor control.
    • The theory that focuses on sensory processing for error detection and correction is known as the sensory-motor theory.
    • The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning emphasizes motivation and attention to the task for improving motor performance.
    • The three stages of motor learning are cognitive, associative, and autonomous stages.
    • The generalized motor program theory posits that motor actions can become more subconscious through practice.

    Task Classifications

    • Discrete tasks have a clear beginning and end, while continuous tasks do not have definitive beginnings or endings.
    • Open motor skills are characterized by changing environments, whereas closed motor skills occur in predictable settings.
    • Gentile’s Taxonomy provides a framework for understanding the variations in task characteristics and movement demands.
    • Hand-eye coordination refinement and adaptability to environmental demands occur in early childhood.
    • A 10-15% decline in muscle mass per decade is observed in older adults, usually starting around age 30.
    • Sarcopenia, or age-related muscle decline, commonly begins in the 50s.

    Memory Types

    • Declarative memory involves the ability to express processes verbally and recall facts or sequences.
    • Procedural memory encompasses subconscious, reflexive learning often referred to as 'autopilot' learning.

    Reflexes and Skill Development

    • The palmar grasp reflex typically disappears around 4 months of age in infants.
    • Motor skills, particularly gross motor skills, typically develop in children aged 5-6 years, focusing on large muscle group activities.

    Learning Styles and Theories

    • Experiential learning focuses on real-world examples and personal experiences to enhance understanding.
    • The motivation and attention necessary for performing tasks is emphasized in motor learning theories associated with performance improvement.

    Summary of Motor Skills Focus

    • Fine motor skills center on precision and control, utilizing smaller muscle groups.
    • Gross motor skills emphasize larger movements and coordination.
    • The main focus of closed motor skills is achieving consistent performance in stable environments.

    Interaction Constructs

    • Interaction constructs affecting movement include distractions in the environment, firmness of surfaces, and lighting conditions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of long-term memory, motor memory, and learning styles with this quiz. Explore declarative and non-declarative memory, implicit memory, and non-associative learning. Sharpen your understanding of how the brain recognizes, recalls, and processes information.

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