Membranes and Receptors - Session 3

<p>It becomes more negative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The point at which sodium channels first open (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potassium ions exiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From -70 mV to +30 mV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repolarization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The neurotransmitter is removed or deactivated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fast synaptic transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate membrane depolarization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>K+ and Cl- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moves 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptor and channel are separate proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glutamate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can cause significant changes in membrane excitability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It moves the membrane potential towards + 70 mV. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voltage gating. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>95 mV (A)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It opens or closes in response to a chemical ligand. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voltage-gated channels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes hyperpolarization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It sends the signal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A decrease in the size of the membrane potential from its normal value. The cell interior becomes less negative.

An increase in the size of the membrane potential from its normal value. The cell interior becomes more negative.

The return of the membrane potential to its resting value after depolarization or hyperpolarization.

The point at which the first voltage-gated sodium channel opens, triggering an action potential.

The rapid influx of positively charged sodium ions into the cell during depolarization.

The rapid efflux of positively charged potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization.

The change in membrane potential that occurs in nerve and muscle cells, allowing for the transmission of signals.

The state of the membrane potential when a neuron or muscle cell is not actively transmitting a signal.

A protein channel embedded in the cell membrane that opens and closes in response to changes in voltage across the membrane. These channels are crucial for nerve impulse propagation, as they allow rapid influx of sodium ions during depolarization.

A protein channel embedded in the cell membrane that opens and closes in response to changes in voltage across the membrane. These channels are responsible for repolarizing the membrane after depolarization, restoring the resting potential.

The difference in electrical potential between the inside and outside of a cell membrane. It is determined by the distribution of ions across the membrane. A negative membrane potential indicates that the inside of the cell is more negative than the outside.

The theoretical point at which the electrical driving force and the chemical driving force for an ion are balanced, resulting in no net movement of the ion across the membrane.

A type of ion channel that opens or closes in response to the binding of a specific chemical ligand, usually a neurotransmitter. These are crucial for synaptic transmission.

The process by which a nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another across a synapse. It involves the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron and their binding to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.

The neuron that releases the neurotransmitter at the synapse. It transmits the signal.

The neuron that receives the neurotransmitter at the synapse. It receives the signal.

A neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic neuron, diffuses across the synapse, binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, causing a response, and is then removed or deactivated.

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs.

Synapses are the sites of communication between neurons and other cells, such as muscle cells or gland cells. They involve the release of chemical transmitters that bind to receptors and initiate responses.

A type of synaptic transmission that involves the receptor protein also being an ion channel, allowing for rapid changes in membrane potential.

Synapses that cause depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, making it more likely to fire an action potential. They are permeable to Na+ and Ca2+. Common excitatory neurotransmitters include glutamate and acetylcholine.

Synapses that cause hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, making it less likely to fire an action potential. They are permeable to K+ or Cl-. Common inhibitory neurotransmitters include GABA and glycine.

These are changes in the potential of the postsynaptic membrane due to excitation or inhibition.

A type of synaptic transmission that involves a delayed response due to the receptor and channel being separate proteins. It often involves G-proteins and second messengers.