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Questions and Answers
What is the main factor that determines the rate of diffusion of a molecule across a membrane?
What is the main factor that determines the rate of diffusion of a molecule across a membrane?
- Presence of hydrophobic regions in the molecule
- Temperature of the surrounding environment
- Charge of the molecule
- Size of the molecule and its association with water (correct)
What is the resting membrane potential primarily a result of?
What is the resting membrane potential primarily a result of?
- Presence of negatively charged ions only
- Active transport and passive diffusion (correct)
- Concentration gradient of ions
- Electrochemical gradient only
Which ion tends to diffuse out of the cell through potassium channels to reach equilibrium?
Which ion tends to diffuse out of the cell through potassium channels to reach equilibrium?
- K+ (correct)
- Na+
- Cl-
- Ca2+
What is the electrochemical gradient of a charged solute a combination of?
What is the electrochemical gradient of a charged solute a combination of?
How do proteins associate with the plasma membrane based on their topology?
How do proteins associate with the plasma membrane based on their topology?
Which ions result in a difference in electrical charge across the membrane to establish the resting membrane potential?
Which ions result in a difference in electrical charge across the membrane to establish the resting membrane potential?
Which factor contributes to making the interior of the cell more negative during resting membrane potential?
Which factor contributes to making the interior of the cell more negative during resting membrane potential?
What type of molecules can easily pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane?
What type of molecules can easily pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane?
What is the main function of transport proteins in the cell membrane?
What is the main function of transport proteins in the cell membrane?
What percentage of all membrane proteins are transport proteins?
What percentage of all membrane proteins are transport proteins?
Why do cells need to transfer molecules and ions across their membranes?
Why do cells need to transfer molecules and ions across their membranes?
Which part of the cell contains a liquid matrix surrounding organelles?
Which part of the cell contains a liquid matrix surrounding organelles?
What allows cells to maintain different solute concentrations in their cytosol compared to the extracellular fluid?
What allows cells to maintain different solute concentrations in their cytosol compared to the extracellular fluid?
What allows transport proteins in the cell membrane to be specific to certain molecules?
What allows transport proteins in the cell membrane to be specific to certain molecules?
What is the role of Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitors?
What is the role of Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitors?
Where is the NCKX2 Na+/Ca2+-K+ exchanger located?
Where is the NCKX2 Na+/Ca2+-K+ exchanger located?
What cellular mechanisms does the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) participate in?
What cellular mechanisms does the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) participate in?
What is the main function of the Na+, K+-ATPase in animal cells?
What is the main function of the Na+, K+-ATPase in animal cells?
What are the key roles of NCKX2 Na+/Ca2+-K+ exchanger?
What are the key roles of NCKX2 Na+/Ca2+-K+ exchanger?
Which organelle is NOT mentioned as a location where Ca2+ can be found in excitable cells?
Which organelle is NOT mentioned as a location where Ca2+ can be found in excitable cells?
How does the NCKX2 Na+/Ca2+-K+ exchanger contribute to cognitive functions?
How does the NCKX2 Na+/Ca2+-K+ exchanger contribute to cognitive functions?
What types of sensations can the skin sense?
What types of sensations can the skin sense?
How do leak channels differ from gated channels in terms of functionality?
How do leak channels differ from gated channels in terms of functionality?
What is the significance of the selectivity filter in K⁺ channels?
What is the significance of the selectivity filter in K⁺ channels?
Where are aquaporins abundant and what is their function there?
Where are aquaporins abundant and what is their function there?
How many isoforms of aquaporins have been identified in mammalian cells?
How many isoforms of aquaporins have been identified in mammalian cells?
What is the role of Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) in relation to aquaporins?
What is the role of Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) in relation to aquaporins?
How does Na⁺ size affect its passage through K⁺ channels?
How does Na⁺ size affect its passage through K⁺ channels?
What happens to ions as they pass through the selectivity filter of K⁺ channels?
What happens to ions as they pass through the selectivity filter of K⁺ channels?
In which type of cells are aquaporins predominantly present?
In which type of cells are aquaporins predominantly present?
Which type of membrane transport protein forms pores for specific solute transfer?
Which type of membrane transport protein forms pores for specific solute transfer?
In which state of a transporter are the binding sites for solutes exposed to the inside of the cell?
In which state of a transporter are the binding sites for solutes exposed to the inside of the cell?
Which type of membrane transporter undergoes a series of conformational changes to transfer solutes across the membrane?
Which type of membrane transporter undergoes a series of conformational changes to transfer solutes across the membrane?
What type of transport is always passive?
What type of transport is always passive?
Which type of membrane protein interacts more weakly with solutes compared to transporters?
Which type of membrane protein interacts more weakly with solutes compared to transporters?
Mechanosensitive channels convert ____________ stimuli to chemical or electrical signals.
Mechanosensitive channels convert ____________ stimuli to chemical or electrical signals.
Which type of transporter can transfer solutes passively or actively?
Which type of transporter can transfer solutes passively or actively?
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