Membrane Transport and Lipid Bilayer Quiz

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What does the Na+/K+-ATPase pump do?

Pumps K+ ions in and Na+ ions out

Pumps Na+ ions in and K+ ions out

Pumps K+ ions out and Na+ ions in

Pumps Na+ ions out and K+ ions in (correct)

Which molecule-specific transmembrane protein is usually called 'pumps'?

Na+/K+-ATPase (correct)

Na+/glucose cotransporter

Na+/H+ exchanger

Glucose transporter

What is the purpose of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump?

To establish steep gradients needed for nerve-muscle impulses

To keep external Na+ high

To keep internal Na+ low (correct)

To maintain the overall charge of the cell

What is the net charge on each side of the membrane as the Na+/K+-ATPase pump operates?

The cell interior becomes more negative Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate at which the Na+/K+-ATPase pump operates?

~100 cycles/sec Signup and view all the answers

How much energy does the Na+/K+-ATPase pump use in most animal cells?

1/3 Signup and view all the answers

What does the Na+/glucose cotransporter use to drive the import of glucose?

The electrochemical Na+ gradient Signup and view all the answers

How many Na+ ions bind to the Na+/glucose cotransporter on the outer apical surface?

2 Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of Na+ ions need to move into a cell to generate a glucose concentration that is 30,000 times higher inside than outside?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of Na+ and glucose across the apical membrane an example of?

Secondary active transport Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the lipid bilayer?

It prevents loss of charged and polar solutes Signup and view all the answers

What determines the rate of simple diffusion across protein-free bilayer membranes?

Size and solubility Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the permeability of membranes to water and small ions is true?

Membranes are more permeable to water than to small ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main electrical effect of tiny excesses of charges near the plasma membrane?

They create an electrochemical gradient Signup and view all the answers

What are the two components of an electrochemical gradient?

Chemical and electrical Signup and view all the answers

Which process allows substances to move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration?

Facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main driving force for diffusion?

Random thermal motion Signup and view all the answers

What are the two means for movement across a selectively permeable membrane?

Simple diffusion and active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic set of carrier proteins for each cell membrane?

Membrane transporters Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of transporters and channels involved in facilitated diffusion?

Carrier proteins and ion channels Signup and view all the answers

Which process allows substances to move across membranes by directly passing through the lipid bilayer?

Simple diffusion through lipid bilayer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport uses protein-lined channels to facilitate the movement of substances across membranes?

Facilitated transport through aqueous, protein-lined channel Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport involves membrane-spanning proteins that change shape to facilitate the movement of substances across membranes?

Facilitated transporters Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

Which category of ion channels opens due to a change in voltage difference across the membrane?

Voltage-gated channels Signup and view all the answers

Which category of ion channels opens due to the binding of a specific ligand, usually not the transported species?

Ligand-gated channels Signup and view all the answers

Which category of ion channels opens due to mechanical stimulation, such as pressure or stretch?

Stress-gated channels Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transporter allows facilitated diffusion of glucose into muscle cells down its concentration gradient?

Glucose transporter Signup and view all the answers

Which transporter is regulated by insulin and is responsible for glucose uptake into various cells?

Glucose transporter Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport uses energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

Diffusion of ions through membrane channels transport is ______ and proceeds down the concentration gradient of the ion being transported

passive Signup and view all the answers

Major categories of gated ion channels: 1. Voltage-gated channels -- opens due to change in ______ difference

voltage Signup and view all the answers

Glucose transporter -- facilitated diffusion of ______ into muscle cell down concentration gradient (High --> Low)

glucose Signup and view all the answers

Active transport uses ______ to move molecules 'up' conc. gradient (Low --> High)

energy Signup and view all the answers

Na+/K+-ATPase pump changes shape when ________

autophosphorylated Signup and view all the answers

The Na+/K+-ATPase pump pumps ions out and ions in

Na+, K+ Signup and view all the answers

The Na+/glucose cotransporter binds Na+ ions and glucose molecule(s) on the outer apical surface

2, 1 Signup and view all the answers

Movement of ________ moles of Na+ ions into a cell can generate a glucose concentration that is 30,000 times higher inside than out

2 Signup and view all the answers

Membranes are a billion times more permeable to water than to small ions Fig. 12-2 Inside Outside Approximately equal quantities of +/- charges inside and outside of cell Tiny excesses of + or - charges do occur near PM and have imp. electrical effects Table 12-1 Remember a salty banana Na+______ClK+

Each cell membrane has its own characteristic set of carrier proteins Figure 12-8 Transporters and channels move inorganic ions and small, polar molecules cross membrane — facilitated diffusion A — channels either open or close; faster transport rates than transporters B — transporters undergo a series of conformational changes (alternate access) Fig. 12-3 Membranes are a selectively permeable barrier - two means for movement both of which lead to net flux of ions/compounds (influx - into cell; efflux out of cell) 1. Passively by diffusion 2. Actively by energy-coupled transport process Diffusion substance moves from region of high conc. to region of low conc.; eventually eliminating conc. difference driven by random thermal motion leading to increase in entropy electrochemical gradient --chemical - compartment concentration difference -- electrical - compartment charge difference An electrochemical gradient has two components Width of green arrow -- magnitude of gradient Fig. 12-5 Different processes by which substances move across membranes 1. Simple diffusion through lipid bilayer 2. Signup and view all the answers

Membranes are a billion times more permeable to water than to small ions Fig. 12-2 Inside Outside Approximately equal quantities of +/- charges inside and outside of cell Tiny excesses of + or - charges do occur near PM and have imp. electrical effects Table 12-1 Remember a salty banana Na+Cl______+

K+ Signup and view all the answers

Membranes are a billion times more permeable to water than to small ions Fig. 12-2 Inside Outside Approximately equal quantities of +/- charges inside and outside of cell Tiny excesses of + or - charges do occur near PM and have imp. electrical effects Table 12-1 Remember a salty banana ______ClK+

Na+ Signup and view all the answers

Membrane Transport and Lipid Bilayer Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the Na+/K+-ATPase pump do?

Which molecule-specific transmembrane protein is usually called 'pumps'?

What is the purpose of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump?

What is the net charge on each side of the membrane as the Na+/K+-ATPase pump operates?

What is the rate at which the Na+/K+-ATPase pump operates?

How much energy does the Na+/K+-ATPase pump use in most animal cells?

What does the Na+/glucose cotransporter use to drive the import of glucose?

How many Na+ ions bind to the Na+/glucose cotransporter on the outer apical surface?

How many moles of Na+ ions need to move into a cell to generate a glucose concentration that is 30,000 times higher inside than outside?

What is the movement of Na+ and glucose across the apical membrane an example of?

Which of the following is true about the lipid bilayer?

What determines the rate of simple diffusion across protein-free bilayer membranes?

Which statement about the permeability of membranes to water and small ions is true?

What is the main electrical effect of tiny excesses of charges near the plasma membrane?

What are the two components of an electrochemical gradient?

Which process allows substances to move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration?

What is the main driving force for diffusion?

What are the two means for movement across a selectively permeable membrane?

What is the characteristic set of carrier proteins for each cell membrane?

What are the two types of transporters and channels involved in facilitated diffusion?

Which process allows substances to move across membranes by directly passing through the lipid bilayer?

Which type of transport uses protein-lined channels to facilitate the movement of substances across membranes?

Which type of transport involves membrane-spanning proteins that change shape to facilitate the movement of substances across membranes?

Which type of transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Which category of ion channels opens due to a change in voltage difference across the membrane?

Which category of ion channels opens due to the binding of a specific ligand, usually not the transported species?

Which category of ion channels opens due to mechanical stimulation, such as pressure or stretch?

Which type of transporter allows facilitated diffusion of glucose into muscle cells down its concentration gradient?

Which transporter is regulated by insulin and is responsible for glucose uptake into various cells?

Which type of transport uses energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Diffusion of ions through membrane channels transport is ______ and proceeds down the concentration gradient of the ion being transported

Major categories of gated ion channels: 1. Voltage-gated channels -- opens due to change in ______ difference

Glucose transporter -- facilitated diffusion of ______ into muscle cell down concentration gradient (High --> Low)

Active transport uses ______ to move molecules 'up' conc. gradient (Low --> High)

Na+/K+-ATPase pump changes shape when ________

The Na+/K+-ATPase pump pumps ________ ions out and ________ ions in

The Na+/glucose cotransporter binds ________ Na+ ions and ________ glucose molecule(s) on the outer apical surface

Movement of ________ moles of Na+ ions into a cell can generate a glucose concentration that is 30,000 times higher inside than out

Membranes are a billion times more permeable to water than to small ions Fig. 12-2 Inside Outside Approximately equal quantities of +/- charges inside and outside of cell Tiny excesses of + or - charges do occur near PM and have imp. electrical effects Table 12-1 Remember a salty banana ______ClK+

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