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Questions and Answers
What is the expression for the tension in the string when a mass is applied?
What is the expression for the tension in the string when a mass is applied?
Which variable represents the frequency of the tuning fork in the given formula?
Which variable represents the frequency of the tuning fork in the given formula?
What is the role of the standard error in the context of the experimental frequency?
What is the role of the standard error in the context of the experimental frequency?
What does the variable $𝜇$ represent in the frequency equation?
What does the variable $𝜇$ represent in the frequency equation?
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Which aspect does the result of the experiment primarily aim to assess?
Which aspect does the result of the experiment primarily aim to assess?
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What is the recommended voltage range for exciting the tuning fork?
What is the recommended voltage range for exciting the tuning fork?
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What is the purpose of adjusting the screw on the tuning fork?
What is the purpose of adjusting the screw on the tuning fork?
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What effect does using a very high voltage on the tuning fork have?
What effect does using a very high voltage on the tuning fork have?
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Which variable is directly manipulated during the experiment to observe its effect?
Which variable is directly manipulated during the experiment to observe its effect?
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What must be noted during the experiment for analysis?
What must be noted during the experiment for analysis?
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How do you determine the tension in the string during the experiment?
How do you determine the tension in the string during the experiment?
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What do the calculations reported after the experiment include?
What do the calculations reported after the experiment include?
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Why is it important to form well-defined loops in the string?
Why is it important to form well-defined loops in the string?
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What is the primary aim of Melde's experiment?
What is the primary aim of Melde's experiment?
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Which formula expresses the natural frequency of the string in Melde's experiment?
Which formula expresses the natural frequency of the string in Melde's experiment?
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What does the variable '$T$' represent in the frequency formula?
What does the variable '$T$' represent in the frequency formula?
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How does the length of the stretched portion of the string affect its frequency?
How does the length of the stretched portion of the string affect its frequency?
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What are the two ways waves can be excited in the string according to the experiment?
What are the two ways waves can be excited in the string according to the experiment?
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In the case of vibrations along the length of the string, what is the relationship between the tuning fork frequency and the wave frequency?
In the case of vibrations along the length of the string, what is the relationship between the tuning fork frequency and the wave frequency?
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What effect does changing the mass on the pan have on the tension in the string?
What effect does changing the mass on the pan have on the tension in the string?
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What type of oscillation is achieved when the tuning fork vibrates across the length of the string?
What type of oscillation is achieved when the tuning fork vibrates across the length of the string?
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What does the variable '$\mu$' represent in the formula for frequency?
What does the variable '$\mu$' represent in the formula for frequency?
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What happens to the frequency of the string when the tuning fork vibrates along its length?
What happens to the frequency of the string when the tuning fork vibrates along its length?
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In the formula for frequency, what does the variable $
u$ represent?
In the formula for frequency, what does the variable $ u$ represent?
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What is the tension ($T$) in the string equivalent to?
What is the tension ($T$) in the string equivalent to?
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Which factor does NOT affect the frequency of the string?
Which factor does NOT affect the frequency of the string?
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When the tuning fork vibrates across the length of the string, how many loops ($n$) are formed in the length $l$?
When the tuning fork vibrates across the length of the string, how many loops ($n$) are formed in the length $l$?
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What is the role of the massless frictionless pulley in the experimental setup?
What is the role of the massless frictionless pulley in the experimental setup?
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Which of the following is NOT a precaution mentioned in the procedure?
Which of the following is NOT a precaution mentioned in the procedure?
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Study Notes
Aim
- Determine the frequency of an electrically maintained tuning fork using Melde’s Experiment
Apparatus
- Electrically maintained tuning fork
- Lightweight pan
- Weight box
- Analytical balance
- Power supply
- Lightweight string
- Stand with clamp and pulley
Theory
- The experiment uses resonance between a tuning fork and a stretched string
- Tuning fork has a natural frequency, determined by its physical dimensions and material elasticity
- The stretched string resonates at specific frequencies determined by:
- Tension in the string (T = mg = (mass of pan + mass on the pan)g)
- Linear density of the string (μ)
- Length of the stretched portion of the string (l)
- Equation: 𝑓= √(𝑛𝑇/2𝑙𝜇)
- Changing the string length can match the string frequency to the tuning fork, causing resonance
Two Excitation Modes
-
Across the length of the string: Tuning fork frequency equals string frequency (f = √(nMg / 2lμ))
- n is the number of loops in the string
- M is the total mass of the pan and weights
-
Along the length of the string: Tuning fork frequency is twice that of the string (f = √(nMg / lμ))
- Tuning fork vibrates perpendicular to the string in both modes
Procedure
- Minimize friction in the pulley
- Find the pan mass and set up the apparatus
- Excite the tuning fork with a power supply (6V to 8V) and adjust the screw for sustained vibrations
- Pass the string over the pulley and add weights to the pan
- Adjust the tuning fork position to create well-defined loops
- Record the string length, number of antinodes, and other relevant data
- Change the load on the pan and repeat the process
- Repeat the experiment with the tuning fork vibrating along the string length
- Avoid high voltages to prevent unstable nodes/antinodes
- Calculate and report results with error estimations
Observations and Calculations
- Mass per unit length of the string (μ) is provided
- Record data in tables for both excitation modes:
- Mass on pan (m)
- Total mass (M = m + m')
- Tension in the string (T = Mg)
- Resonating length of the string (l)
- Number of loops (n)
- Calculated tuning fork frequency (f)
- Deviation of each frequency from the average (𝑓𝑖 − 𝑓)̅ 2
- Calculate the average frequency (𝑓̅) for each mode
Results and Discussion
- Report the experimentally determined frequency for both modes
- Include the average value and standard error
- Analyze the accuracy and precision of results
- Discuss any factors influencing the experiment, like friction, air resistance, or imperfections in the system
- Compare results with the tuning fork's nominal frequency if available
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Description
This quiz covers Melde’s Experiment to determine the frequency of an electrically maintained tuning fork. It explores the concepts of resonance, tension in the string, and how the dimensions of the tuning fork affect its natural frequency. Test your understanding of the equations and theories behind this fascinating physics experiment!
