Melanoma and Nevi Types Overview
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Melanoma and Nevi Types Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary characteristic of malignant melanoma?

  • Diameter greater than 6 mm (correct)
  • Regularly shaped borders
  • Consistently light brown color
  • Uniform pigmentation

    • Dysplastic nevi are not considered precursors to melanoma.

    False

    What treatment options are available for malignant melanoma?

    Surgical excision, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy

    Malignant melanoma often displays __________ borders.

    <p>irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of nevi with their descriptors:

    <p>Congenital nevi = Present from birth and can evolve over time Dysplastic nevi = Atypical moles that may indicate a higher risk for melanoma Lentigo maligna = Flat, tan to dark brown patches that can lead to melanoma Malignant melanoma = Aggressive skin cancer with potential metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of basal cell carcinoma appears as a flat papilloma or plaque, often erythematous, with well-defined borders?

    <p>Superficial basal cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pigmented basal cell carcinoma typically appears as a dark lesion with shiny surface and well-defined borders.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carcinoma is known for causing hardening of the area surrounding the tumor?

    <p>Morpheaform basal cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common areas for squamous cell cancer development are the __________ and neck.

    <p>head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the treatments to their descriptions:

    <p>Surgical excision = Removal of tumor through surgery Cryotherapy = Destruction of tissue using extreme cold Radiotherapy = Use of radiation to kill cancer cells Immunotherapy = Treatment that boosts the immune response against cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carcinoma resembles a smooth pimple that grows steadily?

    <p>Nodular basal cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cryotherapy is a treatment option that involves heating the tumor to remove it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe a common characteristic of tumors that ulcerate and bleed easily.

    <p>They can bleed from mild injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that a lesion from actinic keratosis may be transforming into a malignancy?

    <p>Enlargement or ulceration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Actinic keratosis lesions often present as rough, shiny macules with no bleeding when scales are removed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two treatment options for actinic keratosis.

    <p>Cryosurgery, topical creams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Actinic keratosis predominantly occurs on the face, dorsa of the hands, and __________.

    <p>forearms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the treatments for actinic keratosis with their descriptions:

    <p>Cryosurgery = Freezing the lesion with liquid nitrogen Photodynamic therapy = Using light to activate a photosensitizing agent Curettage and electrodesiccation = Scraping the lesion followed by electrical desiccation Laser surgery = Using focused light to remove skin layers or lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer?

    <p>Removal of all malignant tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cure rate for nonmelanoma skin cancer treatments is less than 50%.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two treatment modalities for malignant melanoma.

    <p>Surgical excision and immunotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the malignant tissue is removed, patients should undergo regular examinations for __________.

    <p>recurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following treatments to their primary method of action:

    <p>Surgery = Physical removal of malignant tissue Curettage and electrodessication = Scraping and destroying tissue Cryotherapy = Freezing the cancerous cells Chemotherapy = Systemic treatment to kill cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Congenital Nevi

    • A precursor to melanoma
    • Can range in size from small to covering the entire body

    Dysplastic Nevi

    • A precursor to melanoma
    • Often slightly raised, with an irregular surface and fairly regular border

    Lentigo Maligna

    • A precursor to melanoma
    • Tan or black patch on the skin that looks like a freckle
    • Grows slowly, becoming mottled, dark, thick, and nodular
    • Usually seen on one side of the face in an older adult who has had a large amount of sun exposure

    Malignant Melanoma

    • Ranges in color from brown to black
    • Have irregular pigmentation with mixtures of tan, brown, black, red, and pink
    • May have an area of lighter pigmentation surrounded by an area of deeper pigmentation
    • Irregular borders
    • Often appear on the face, trunk, and arms but can be seen on the scalp, female breast, groin, and buttocks
    • Asymmetrical, with an irregular border
    • Color variegation
    • Diameter greater than 6 mm (the size of a pencil eraser)
    • Surgical excision is used to remove the melanoma
    • Chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy may be used to treat melanoma

    Treatments for Melanoma

    • Surgical excision
    • Chemotherapy
    • Immunotherapy
    • Radiation therapy
    • Regular examinations to assess for recurrence

    Basal Cell Carcinoma

    • Nodular basal cell carcinoma:

      • Resembles a smooth pimple
      • Grows steadily
      • May ulcerate and bleed easily
      • Most common on the head, face, and neck

    • Superficial basal cell carcinoma:

      • Flat papule or plaque
      • Defined borders
      • Often erythematous
      • May ulcerate and have crusts or erosions
      • Most common on the trunk and extremities

    • Pigmented basal cell carcinoma:

      • Dark brown, blue, or black
      • Shiny surface
      • Well-defined borders

    • Morpheaform basal cell carcinoma:

      • Resembles a flat scar
      • Forms finger-like projections
      • Usually develops on the head and neck

    • Keratotic basal cell carcinoma:

      • Similar to nodular basal cell carcinoma
      • Begins as a firm, red nodule
      • May be crusted with keratin
      • Causes surrounding tissue to harden
      • Most common on sun-exposed areas (forehead, nose, ears, lips, hands)

    Squamous Cell Cancer

    • Tumors:
      • Ulcerate, bleed, and become painful as they grow
      • May have a shiny, pearly white, or pink appearance

    Treatment Options

    • Surgery:
      • Surgical excision
      • Curettage and electrodesiccation
    • Other treatments:
      • Cryotherapy
      • Radiotherapy
      • Chemotherapy
      • Immunotherapy
      • Radiation therapy
      • Biological therapy
      • Vaccines
    • Follow-up:
      • Regular examinations to assess for recurrence

    Actinic Keratosis

    • Actinic keratosis is a precancerous skin condition characterized by rough, red patches that are typically a few millimeters in diameter.
    • Lesions may be shiny or scaly; removing scales can cause bleeding.
    • Multiple patches typically occur on the face, back of hands, forearms, and sometimes the upper trunk.
    • Enlargement or ulceration of lesions suggests a potential transformation to malignancy.
    • Treatment options include cryosurgery, topical creams or gels, shave excision, curettage and electrodesiccation, photodynamic therapy, chemical peels, laser surgery, and monitoring for changes or abnormalities in lesions.

    Skin Cancer Treatment Team

    • A collaborative team of healthcare professionals (HCPs) is crucial for patient care, promoting early detection, prompt intervention, and better outcomes.

    Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment

    • Treatment focuses on removing all malignant tissue.
    • Methods include surgery, curettage and electrodessication, cryotherapy, or radiotherapy.
    • These methods have a cure rate exceeding 90%.
    • Other treatment options include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy.
    • Biological therapies with interleukin-2 and interferon, and therapeutic vaccines containing melanoma antigens are sometimes used.

    Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Post-Treatment

    • Regular examinations are needed to detect recurrence.

    Malignant Melanoma Management

    • Starts with identification, diagnosis, and tumor staging.
    • If treatable, tumors are removed through surgical excision.
    • Other treatment options include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy.

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    Description

    This quiz explores different types of nevi and their relationship to melanoma, focusing on congenital nevi, dysplastic nevi, lentigo maligna, and malignant melanoma. Understand the characteristics, appearance, and risks associated with each type to gain insight into skin health and cancer prevention.

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