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Questions and Answers
What occurs during Telophase II in meiosis?
What occurs during Telophase II in meiosis?
- Spindle fibers attach to centromeres
- The DNA condenses into chromosomes
- A cleavage furrow forms to divide the cell (correct)
- Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate
Which statement describes the primary difference between meiosis and mitosis?
Which statement describes the primary difference between meiosis and mitosis?
- Both processes result in identical daughter cells
- Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division (correct)
- Mitosis occurs only in gametes
- Meiosis produces clones of the parent cell
During which phase do sister chromatids become separated in meiosis II?
During which phase do sister chromatids become separated in meiosis II?
- Metaphase II
- Anaphase II (correct)
- Prophase II
- Telophase II
How does independent assortment contribute to genetic variation?
How does independent assortment contribute to genetic variation?
What event occurs right before Prophase II in meiosis?
What event occurs right before Prophase II in meiosis?
What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?
What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?
Which of the following best describes independent assortment?
Which of the following best describes independent assortment?
How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?
How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?
Which of the following distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?
Which of the following distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?
What happens during Interphase G1 in preparation for meiosis?
What happens during Interphase G1 in preparation for meiosis?
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Study Notes
Meiosis I
- Interphase G1 (Gap 1): The cell increases in size and contains one copy of each chromosome (23 homologous pairs).
- Interphase S (Synthesis): DNA replicates, resulting in two identical copies of each chromosome attached at the centromere. In animal cells, the centriole pair also duplicates.
- Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair up, forming a tetrad (4 sister chromatids). Synapsis occurs, and crossing over takes place, leading to the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
Meiosis II
- Prophase II: The nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes condense, the nucleolus disappears, and centriole pairs migrate to opposite poles, forming spindle fibers.
- Metaphase II: Spindle fibers align chromosomes along the equatorial/metaphase plate, the orientation of sister chromatids is random leading to genetic variation.
- Anaphase II: Spindle fibers pull apart sister chromatids at the centromeres, elongating the cell.
- Telophase II: The second meiotic division ends, DNA decondenses, a nuclear envelope reforms, the nucleolus reappears, spindle fibers dissolve, and a cleavage furrow forms to divide the cell in half.
Genetic Variation In Meiosis
- Meiosis results in four non-identical daughter cells due to these key events:
- Crossing over during Prophase I
- Independent assortment in Metaphase I and Metaphase II
- Random orientation of sister chromatids at the equatorial/metaphase plate during Metaphase II.
Comparison of Meiosis and Mitosis
- Meiosis results in non-identical daughter cells, while mitosis produces identical daughter cells.
- Meiosis involves two divisions, while mitosis involves one division.
- Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, while mitosis maintains the chromosome number.
Spermatogenesis vs. Oogenesis
- Spermatogenesis (meiosis in males) results in four sperm cells.
- Oogenesis (meiosis in females) results in one egg cell and three polar bodies.
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