18 Questions
What is the primary function of meiosis?
To reduce the number of chromosomes by half
During which stage of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?
Metaphase I
What is the result of crossing over during meiosis?
Genetic variation increases
During which stage of meiosis II do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell?
Metaphase II
What is the result of independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis?
Genetic diversity increases
What is the result of random fertilization of gametes?
Genetic diversity increases
What is the result of meiosis in terms of the number of chromosomes?
The number of chromosomes decreases by half
During which stage of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles?
Anaphase I
What is the purpose of meiosis in ensuring genetic diversity?
To ensure genetic variation
What is the primary function of mitosis?
To produce genetically identical daughter cells
During which stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope break down?
Prophase
What happens to the chromatin during interphase?
It replicates and prepares for cell division
What is the purpose of the spindle fibers during mitosis?
To align chromosomes at the centromere
What is the result of anaphase during mitosis?
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
What happens to the chromosomes during metaphase?
They line up at the center of the cell
During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes uncoil and return to interphase structure?
Telophase
What happens to the nuclear envelope during telophase?
It reforms around each set of chromosomes
In which type of cells does mitosis occur?
Somatic cells
Study Notes
Overview of Meiosis
- Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in the reproductive cells (gametes) of sexually reproducing organisms.
- It involves the reduction of the number of chromosomes by half, resulting in four haploid daughter cells.
Phases of Meiosis
Meiosis I
- Prophase I:
- Homologous chromosomes come together and exchange genetic material (crossing over)
- Chromosomes condense and become visible
- Metaphase I:
- Homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
- Microtubules from opposite poles attach to each homologous chromosome
- Anaphase I:
- Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles
- Telophase I:
- Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes
- Cytokinesis:
- Cytoplasm divides and cells split
Meiosis II
- Prophase II:
- Chromosomes condense and become visible
- Metaphase II:
- Sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell
- Microtubules from opposite poles attach to each sister chromatid
- Anaphase II:
- Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
- Telophase II:
- Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes
- Cytokinesis:
- Cytoplasm divides and cells split
Key Features of Meiosis
- Crossing over increases genetic variation
- Independent assortment of chromosomes increases genetic diversity
- Random fertilization of gametes increases genetic diversity
- Meiosis ensures that each gamete receives a unique combination of chromosomes
Test your understanding of meiosis, a type of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells, including its phases and key features that increase genetic variation and diversity.
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