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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of meiosis?
What is the primary function of meiosis?
- To duplicate the number of chromosomes
- To reduce the number of chromosomes by half (correct)
- To increase the number of chromosomes
- To exchange genetic material
During which stage of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?
During which stage of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?
- Metaphase I (correct)
- Anaphase I
- Telophase I
- Prophase I
What is the result of crossing over during meiosis?
What is the result of crossing over during meiosis?
- Genetic variation decreases
- Genetic variation becomes fixed
- Genetic variation increases (correct)
- Genetic diversity stays the same
During which stage of meiosis II do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell?
During which stage of meiosis II do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell?
What is the result of independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis?
What is the result of independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis?
What is the result of random fertilization of gametes?
What is the result of random fertilization of gametes?
What is the result of meiosis in terms of the number of chromosomes?
What is the result of meiosis in terms of the number of chromosomes?
During which stage of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles?
During which stage of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles?
What is the purpose of meiosis in ensuring genetic diversity?
What is the purpose of meiosis in ensuring genetic diversity?
What is the primary function of mitosis?
What is the primary function of mitosis?
During which stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope break down?
During which stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope break down?
What happens to the chromatin during interphase?
What happens to the chromatin during interphase?
What is the purpose of the spindle fibers during mitosis?
What is the purpose of the spindle fibers during mitosis?
What is the result of anaphase during mitosis?
What is the result of anaphase during mitosis?
What happens to the chromosomes during metaphase?
What happens to the chromosomes during metaphase?
During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes uncoil and return to interphase structure?
During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes uncoil and return to interphase structure?
What happens to the nuclear envelope during telophase?
What happens to the nuclear envelope during telophase?
In which type of cells does mitosis occur?
In which type of cells does mitosis occur?
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Study Notes
Overview of Meiosis
- Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in the reproductive cells (gametes) of sexually reproducing organisms.
- It involves the reduction of the number of chromosomes by half, resulting in four haploid daughter cells.
Phases of Meiosis
Meiosis I
- Prophase I:
- Homologous chromosomes come together and exchange genetic material (crossing over)
- Chromosomes condense and become visible
- Metaphase I:
- Homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
- Microtubules from opposite poles attach to each homologous chromosome
- Anaphase I:
- Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles
- Telophase I:
- Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes
- Cytokinesis:
- Cytoplasm divides and cells split
Meiosis II
- Prophase II:
- Chromosomes condense and become visible
- Metaphase II:
- Sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell
- Microtubules from opposite poles attach to each sister chromatid
- Anaphase II:
- Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
- Telophase II:
- Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes
- Cytokinesis:
- Cytoplasm divides and cells split
Key Features of Meiosis
- Crossing over increases genetic variation
- Independent assortment of chromosomes increases genetic diversity
- Random fertilization of gametes increases genetic diversity
- Meiosis ensures that each gamete receives a unique combination of chromosomes
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