Meiosis Practice Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Diploid' refer to?

  • Fertilized egg
  • Full set of chromosomes (correct)
  • 1/2 set of chromosomes
  • Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

    • What is the definition of 'Haploid'?

  • Chromosomes become visible
  • Fertilized egg
  • 1/2 set of chromosomes (correct)
  • Full set of chromosomes

    • What is a Zygote?

    Fertilized egg

    What occurs during Interphase?

    <p>Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during Prophase 1?

    <p>Chromosomes become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down; crossing-over occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Metaphase 1?

    <p>Homologous pairs line up in center; spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Anaphase 1?

    <p>The fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during Telophase 1?

    <p>The spindles break down, chromosomes uncoil and form two nuclei, and the cell divides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Prophase 2?

    <p>Chromosomes condense, spindles form in each new cell, and spindle fibers attach to chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Metaphase 2?

    <p>Centromeres of chromosomes line up randomly at the equator of each cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Anaphase 2?

    <p>The sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during Telophase 2?

    <p>Chromosomes are single stranded, end up with 4 new cells, cells are haploid, genetically different, nucleus does reappear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the Products of meiosis?

    <p>Four cells have formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does crossing-over refer to?

    <p>Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Definitions

    • Diploid: Refers to a cell with a full set of chromosomes, typically represented as 2n.
    • Haploid: A cell containing half the number of chromosomes, represented as n.

    Zygote

    • A fertilized egg formed when a sperm cell joins with an egg cell.

    Cell Cycle

    • Interphase: The phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division, encompassing growth and DNA replication.

    Meiosis Stages

    • Prophase 1: Chromosomes become visible, the nuclear envelope disintegrates, and crossing-over occurs, which increases genetic diversity.
    • Metaphase 1: Homologous pairs of chromosomes align at the cell's equator, with spindle fibers attaching to them.
    • Anaphase 1: Spindle fibers pull homologous chromosomes towards opposite poles of the cell, leading to their separation.
    • Telophase 1: The cells' spindles disassemble, chromosomes relax into chromatin, two nuclei form, and the cell divides through cytokinesis.

    Second Meiotic Division

    • Prophase 2: Chromosomes condense again in each of the two new cells, and spindle fibers begin to form.
    • Metaphase 2: Chromosomes align at the equatorial plane of each cell, centromeres positioning is random.
    • Anaphase 2: Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cells.
    • Telophase 2: Results in four genetically diverse haploid cells with distinct nuclei reappearing after the chromosomes are single stranded.

    Final Products

    • Four New Cells: The outcome of meiosis is four cells, each haploid and genetically different from each other and the parent cell.

    Crossing-over

    • A genetic exchange process that occurs during prophase 1, allowing homologous chromosomes to swap segments of their chromatids, contributing to genetic variation.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key terms related to meiosis with these practice flashcards. Each card presents a crucial concept, from diploids to prophase, helping you reinforce your understanding of the cell division process. Perfect for biology students preparing for exams!

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