Meiosis Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of meiosis in humans?

  • To create identical somatic cells
  • To repair damaged tissues
  • To increase chromosome number
  • To produce gametes for sexual reproduction (correct)

How many times does a diploid cell divide during meiosis?

  • Twice (correct)
  • Three times
  • Four times
  • Once

What characterizes the cells produced at the end of meiosis?

  • They are haploid and genetically different (correct)
  • They are haploid and identical
  • They are diploid and genetically identical
  • They are diploid and identical

Where does meiosis primarily occur in the human body?

<p>In reproductive organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell division is meiosis classified as?

<p>Reduction division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when the nuclei of male and female gametes fuse together?

<p>A zygote (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a zygote compared to each gamete?

<p>2n (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do homologous chromosomes differ in terms of their origin?

<p>One is from the male gamete and one from the female gamete (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process does the zygote undergo to develop into an embryo?

<p>Mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what form are chromosomes arranged in body cells?

<p>In pairs as homologous chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are found in the gametes of humans?

<p>23 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the haploid number of chromosomes for humans represented as?

<p>1n (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species has a diploid chromosome number greater than that of humans?

<p>Dogs (B), Elephants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of chromosome sets, what does the letter 'n' generally signify?

<p>The basic number of chromosomes in a cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell contains two chromosome sets?

<p>Somatic cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Meiosis definition

A type of cell division in reproductive organs that produces genetically different haploid gametes from a diploid cell.

Meiosis purpose

Sexual reproduction and passing genetic info to offspring, creating diversity.

Meiosis result

Four haploid cells from one diploid cell.

Gamete type

Sperm and egg cells produced by meiosis.

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Meiosis process

Two cell divisions from a diploid cell resulting in 4 haploid cells.

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Fertilization

The process where male and female sex cells combine to form a zygote.

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Zygote

A single cell formed by the fusion of male and female gametes.

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Gametes

Male and female sex cells (sperm and egg.

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Homologous chromosomes

Chromosome pairs in body cells, one from each parent.

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Diploid number (2n)

Full set of chromosomes in body cells, half from each parent.

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Chromosome Number

The fixed number of chromosomes in each species, like humans having 46.

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Chromosome Set (n)

The basic number of chromosomes in a cell. For example, in humans, n = 23.

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Haploid Cell

A cell with only one chromosome set (1n). This is the case for gametes.

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Diploid Cell

A cell having two sets of chromosomes (2n). This is common for body cells.

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Haploid vs Diploid

Haploid (1n) cells, like gametes, have half the chromosomes of diploid (2n) cells, such as body cells.

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Study Notes

Meiosis

  • Meiosis is a type of cell division occurring in reproductive organs (testes and ovaries in humans).
  • It produces gametes (sperm and egg cells).
  • It's a reduction division; it reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid.
  • A diploid cell divides twice to produce 4 haploid cells, which are genetically different.
  • The purpose of meiosis is sexual reproduction.
  • It's crucial in passing genetic information from parent to offspring, while also creating genetic diversity in future generations.

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