Meiosis Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of meiosis in humans?

  • To create genetically identical cells
  • To repair damaged cells
  • To produce somatic cells
  • To enable sexual reproduction (correct)

What is the result of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

  • Maintains the chromosome number
  • Reduces the chromosome number to half (correct)
  • Increases the chromosome number
  • Triples the chromosome number

How many times does a diploid cell divide during meiosis?

  • Once
  • Four times
  • Three times
  • Twice (correct)

Which statement best describes the genetic outcome of meiosis?

<p>Produces genetically diverse gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does meiosis occur in humans?

<p>In reproductive organs only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization?

<p>A zygote (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the gametes involved in fertilization?

<p>Each gamete brings a haploid set of chromosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process follows fertilization and results in the development of an offspring?

<p>Mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the chromosomes arranged in the body cells of the offspring after fertilization?

<p>In pairs as homologous chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines homologous chromosomes in the context of fertilization?

<p>Pairs consisting of one paternal and one maternal chromosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromosome set number represented by 'n' for humans?

<p>23 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species has the highest number of chromosomes?

<p>Dogs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cell would you find the diploid number of chromosomes?

<p>Body cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?

<p>2n (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are haploid cells characterized in terms of chromosome sets?

<p>Having one chromosome set (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Meiosis?

A type of cell division, occurring in reproductive organs, that produces genetically different haploid gametes from a diploid cell.

Gametes definition

Reproductive cells (sperm and egg) produced by meiosis.

Meiosis: Chromosome change?

Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid, meaning the number of (genetic) copies is halved.

How many cells meiosis produces?

One diploid cell divides twice to make four haploid cells.

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Purpose of Meiosis?

Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and creates genetic variety for offspring.

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What is fertilization?

The process where male and female gametes combine to form a zygote.

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What is a zygote?

A single cell formed by the fusion of gametes.

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What are chromosomes in a zygote?

Zygote receives chromosomes from both the mother and father.

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How does a zygote develop?

The zygote divides by mitosis, forming an embryo that grows into a new organism.

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What is a diploid cell?

A cell with a full set of chromosome pairs (2n).

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Chromosome Set (n)

The basic number of chromosomes in a cell. It's like the blueprint of a species, specifying the number of chromosomes.

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Haploid Cell (1n)

A cell with only one chromosome set (n). It has half the number of chromosomes compared to a diploid cell.

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Diploid Cell (2n)

A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes (2n). It's like having two copies of the building instructions.

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Gametes: Haploid or Diploid?

Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are haploid (1n) cells, meaning they have one chromosome set.

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Body Cells: Haploid or Diploid?

Body cells (somatic cells) are diploid (2n) cells, meaning they have two complete sets of chromosomes.

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Study Notes

Meiosis

  • Meiosis is a cell division process that occurs in reproductive organs (testes and ovaries in humans)
  • It produces gametes (sperm and egg cells)
  • It is a reduction division, reducing the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid
  • A diploid cell divides twice to create 4 haploid cells, which are genetically different
  • The purpose of meiosis is sexual reproduction
  • It is fundamental in passing genetic information from parent to offspring, while also creating genetic diversity in future generations.

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