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Questions and Answers
What is the primary event that occurs during Prophase II of meiosis?
What is the primary event that occurs during Prophase II of meiosis?
In which stage of meiosis II does the cytoplasm divide?
In which stage of meiosis II does the cytoplasm divide?
During Metaphase II of meiosis, what is the primary alignment of chromosomes?
During Metaphase II of meiosis, what is the primary alignment of chromosomes?
What is the primary event that occurs during Telophase II of meiosis?
What is the primary event that occurs during Telophase II of meiosis?
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In which stage of meiosis II do the sister chromatids separate?
In which stage of meiosis II do the sister chromatids separate?
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What is the result of meiosis II in terms of the number of daughter cells formed?
What is the result of meiosis II in terms of the number of daughter cells formed?
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What is the primary function of Prophase I?
What is the primary function of Prophase I?
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What occurs during Anaphase I?
What occurs during Anaphase I?
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During which stage of meiosis do spindle fibers from the centrosomes of each pole connect to bivalents or tetrads?
During which stage of meiosis do spindle fibers from the centrosomes of each pole connect to bivalents or tetrads?
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What occurs during Telophase I?
What occurs during Telophase I?
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When does Cytokinesis or the cytoplasmic division occur during meiosis?
When does Cytokinesis or the cytoplasmic division occur during meiosis?
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What is the result of meiosis in terms of the number of chromosomes in gametes?
What is the result of meiosis in terms of the number of chromosomes in gametes?
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What is the result of the separation of genetically identical sister chromatids during Anaphase?
What is the result of the separation of genetically identical sister chromatids during Anaphase?
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What happens to the nuclear membrane during Metaphase?
What happens to the nuclear membrane during Metaphase?
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What is the stage of cell division where the chromosomes are at the opposing poles of the spindle?
What is the stage of cell division where the chromosomes are at the opposing poles of the spindle?
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What occurs concurrently with karyokinesis during Telophase?
What occurs concurrently with karyokinesis during Telophase?
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What is the outcome of cytokinesis in animal cells?
What is the outcome of cytokinesis in animal cells?
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What is the result of Mitosis?
What is the result of Mitosis?
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Study Notes
Meiosis
- Meiosis involves two divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II, resulting in four haploid daughter cells.
- Human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes, but reproductive cells (gametes) have 23 chromosomes, due to meiosis reducing the chromosome number by half.
Phases of Meiosis I
- Prophase I: longest phase, comprising five sub-phases: condensation of chromatin into chromosomes, physical contact between homologous chromosomes, and transmission of genetic information between synapsed chromosomes.
- Metaphase I: spindle fibers connect to bivalents through kinetochores, and homologous chromosomes line up at the equatorial plane, with double alignment of chromosomes.
- Anaphase I: spindle fibers contract, separating bivalent or tetrads, and homologous chromosomes migrate to each pole of the cell.
- Telophase I: chromosomes decondense, nuclear membranes reform, and cytokinesis occurs, forming two haploid daughter cells with 23 chromosomes.
Phases of Meiosis II
- Prophase II: chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane dissolves, and centrosomes move towards each pole of the cell.
- Metaphase II: spindle fibers attach to chromatids, and chromosomes line up at the equatorial plane (single alignment).
- Anaphase II: spindle fibers shorten, separating sister chromatids, which move towards each pole of the cell.
- Telophase II: single-stranded chromosomes decondense, nuclear membrane and nucleolus reform, and cytoplasm divides, forming four haploid daughter cells.
Chromosomal Aberrations
- Chromosomal aberrations are disorders characterized by morphological or numerical alterations in single or multiple chromosomes, affecting autosomes, sex chromosomes, or both.
- Types of chromosomal aberrations include:
- Gene Deficiency or Deletion: a mutation in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is left out during DNA replication.
- Gene Duplication: a mutation in which a sequence of genetic information is duplicated.
- Translocation: a genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.
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Description
Learn about the stages of Meiosis II, including Prophase II, Metaphase II, and Anaphase II. Understand the processes of chromosome condensation, spindle fiber attachment, and chromosome separation. Test your knowledge of the second meiotic division!
