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Questions and Answers
What is a diploid cell?
What is a diploid cell?
- A cell containing one set of chromosomes
- A sex cell
- A reproductive cell
- A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) (correct)
What is a haploid cell?
What is a haploid cell?
A cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.
What are somatic cells?
What are somatic cells?
Body cells.
What are germ cells?
What are germ cells?
What are gametes?
What are gametes?
What is a zygote?
What is a zygote?
What is mitosis?
What is mitosis?
What is meiosis?
What is meiosis?
When a sperm and egg combine, what is it called?
When a sperm and egg combine, what is it called?
What is the diploid number for humans?
What is the diploid number for humans?
What is the haploid number for humans?
What is the haploid number for humans?
What are matching chromosomes called?
What are matching chromosomes called?
During prophase 1 of meiosis, what forms a tetrad?
During prophase 1 of meiosis, what forms a tetrad?
When homologous chromosomes exchange genes, what is it called?
When homologous chromosomes exchange genes, what is it called?
How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 1?
How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 1?
How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 2?
How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 2?
What is the process called where chromosomes split into daughter cells randomly, making each gamete unique?
What is the process called where chromosomes split into daughter cells randomly, making each gamete unique?
What is the process by which sperm are made?
What is the process by which sperm are made?
What is the process by which eggs are made?
What is the process by which eggs are made?
During the creation of an oocyte, what are the 3 additional haploid cells created that will not be fertilized called?
During the creation of an oocyte, what are the 3 additional haploid cells created that will not be fertilized called?
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Study Notes
Cell Types and Definitions
- Diploid Cell: Contains two sets of chromosomes (2n), one inherited from each parent.
- Haploid Cell: Contains only one complete set of chromosomes, critical for sexual reproduction.
- Somatic Cells: Refers to all body cells excluding germ cells.
- Germ Cells: Reproductive cells that give rise to gametes.
- Gametes: The sex cells produced for reproduction, includes sperm and eggs.
- Zygote: The fertilized egg formed when a sperm and egg combine.
Cell Division
- Mitosis: Process of cell division resulting in two identical nuclei, maintaining the same chromosome number.
- Meiosis: Specialized cell division producing four daughter cells with half the chromosome number, essential for gamete formation.
Chromosome Numbers
- Diploid Number for Humans: 46 chromosomes in total.
- Haploid Number for Humans: 23 chromosomes, relevant in the formation of gametes.
Chromosome Features
- Homologous Chromosomes: Pairs of chromosomes that are similar in shape and size, containing the same genes.
- Synapsis: Process during prophase 1 of meiosis where homologous chromosomes pair to form tetrads.
- Recombination (Crossing Over): The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, leading to genetic diversity.
Meiosis Process
- Meiosis 1: Results in two daughter cells, each with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
- Meiosis 2: Further division that creates a total of four unique daughter cells.
- Independent Assortment: During meiosis, chromosomes segregate randomly into daughter cells, contributing to genetic variation.
Gametogenesis
- Spermatogenesis: The process of sperm cell formation.
- Oogenesis: The process of egg (oocyte) formation.
- Polar Bodies: Three additional haploid cells created during oocyte formation that do not participate in fertilization.
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