Questions and Answers
What is a diploid cell?
What is a haploid cell?
A cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.
What are somatic cells?
Body cells.
What are germ cells?
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What are gametes?
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What is a zygote?
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What is mitosis?
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What is meiosis?
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When a sperm and egg combine, what is it called?
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What is the diploid number for humans?
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What is the haploid number for humans?
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What are matching chromosomes called?
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During prophase 1 of meiosis, what forms a tetrad?
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When homologous chromosomes exchange genes, what is it called?
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How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 1?
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How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 2?
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What is the process called where chromosomes split into daughter cells randomly, making each gamete unique?
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What is the process by which sperm are made?
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What is the process by which eggs are made?
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During the creation of an oocyte, what are the 3 additional haploid cells created that will not be fertilized called?
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Study Notes
Cell Types and Definitions
- Diploid Cell: Contains two sets of chromosomes (2n), one inherited from each parent.
- Haploid Cell: Contains only one complete set of chromosomes, critical for sexual reproduction.
- Somatic Cells: Refers to all body cells excluding germ cells.
- Germ Cells: Reproductive cells that give rise to gametes.
- Gametes: The sex cells produced for reproduction, includes sperm and eggs.
- Zygote: The fertilized egg formed when a sperm and egg combine.
Cell Division
- Mitosis: Process of cell division resulting in two identical nuclei, maintaining the same chromosome number.
- Meiosis: Specialized cell division producing four daughter cells with half the chromosome number, essential for gamete formation.
Chromosome Numbers
- Diploid Number for Humans: 46 chromosomes in total.
- Haploid Number for Humans: 23 chromosomes, relevant in the formation of gametes.
Chromosome Features
- Homologous Chromosomes: Pairs of chromosomes that are similar in shape and size, containing the same genes.
- Synapsis: Process during prophase 1 of meiosis where homologous chromosomes pair to form tetrads.
- Recombination (Crossing Over): The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, leading to genetic diversity.
Meiosis Process
- Meiosis 1: Results in two daughter cells, each with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
- Meiosis 2: Further division that creates a total of four unique daughter cells.
- Independent Assortment: During meiosis, chromosomes segregate randomly into daughter cells, contributing to genetic variation.
Gametogenesis
- Spermatogenesis: The process of sperm cell formation.
- Oogenesis: The process of egg (oocyte) formation.
- Polar Bodies: Three additional haploid cells created during oocyte formation that do not participate in fertilization.
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Test your understanding of meiosis with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terms such as diploid cells, haploid cells, and gametes. Perfect for biology students looking to master meiosis concepts.
