Meiosis Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a diploid cell?

A cell containing one set of chromosomes

A sex cell

A reproductive cell

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) (correct)

What is a haploid cell?

A cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.

What are somatic cells?

Body cells.

What are germ cells?

Reproductive cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are gametes?

Sex cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is a zygote?

A fertilized egg. Signup and view all the answers

What is mitosis?

Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is meiosis?

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Signup and view all the answers

When a sperm and egg combine, what is it called?

Syngamy (fertilization). Signup and view all the answers

What is the diploid number for humans?

<ol start="46"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the haploid number for humans?

<ol start="23"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are matching chromosomes called?

Homologous chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

During prophase 1 of meiosis, what forms a tetrad?

Synapsis. Signup and view all the answers

When homologous chromosomes exchange genes, what is it called?

Recombination (crossing over). Signup and view all the answers

How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 1?

<ol start="2"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 2?

<ol start="4"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where chromosomes split into daughter cells randomly, making each gamete unique?

Independent assortment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which sperm are made?

Spermatogenesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which eggs are made?

Oogenesis. Signup and view all the answers

During the creation of an oocyte, what are the 3 additional haploid cells created that will not be fertilized called?

Polar bodies. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Types and Definitions

Diploid Cell: Contains two sets of chromosomes (2n), one inherited from each parent.
Haploid Cell: Contains only one complete set of chromosomes, critical for sexual reproduction.
Somatic Cells: Refers to all body cells excluding germ cells.
Germ Cells: Reproductive cells that give rise to gametes.
Gametes: The sex cells produced for reproduction, includes sperm and eggs.
Zygote: The fertilized egg formed when a sperm and egg combine.

Cell Division

Mitosis: Process of cell division resulting in two identical nuclei, maintaining the same chromosome number.
Meiosis: Specialized cell division producing four daughter cells with half the chromosome number, essential for gamete formation.

Chromosome Numbers

Diploid Number for Humans: 46 chromosomes in total.
Haploid Number for Humans: 23 chromosomes, relevant in the formation of gametes.

Chromosome Features

Homologous Chromosomes: Pairs of chromosomes that are similar in shape and size, containing the same genes.
Synapsis: Process during prophase 1 of meiosis where homologous chromosomes pair to form tetrads.
Recombination (Crossing Over): The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, leading to genetic diversity.

Meiosis Process

Meiosis 1: Results in two daughter cells, each with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
Meiosis 2: Further division that creates a total of four unique daughter cells.
Independent Assortment: During meiosis, chromosomes segregate randomly into daughter cells, contributing to genetic variation.

Gametogenesis

Spermatogenesis: The process of sperm cell formation.
Oogenesis: The process of egg (oocyte) formation.
Polar Bodies: Three additional haploid cells created during oocyte formation that do not participate in fertilization.

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Description

Test your understanding of meiosis with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terms such as diploid cells, haploid cells, and gametes. Perfect for biology students looking to master meiosis concepts.