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Questions and Answers
What is the main outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?
What is the main outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?
- The chromosome number in daughter cells is reduced by half. (correct)
- The chromosome number in daughter cells becomes triploid.
- The chromosome number is doubled in daughter cells.
- The chromosome number in daughter cells remains the same as the parent cell.
Which process contributes to genetic diversity during meiosis?
Which process contributes to genetic diversity during meiosis?
- Mutation
- Mitosis
- Fertilization
- Crossing over (correct)
In which type of cells does meiosis occur?
In which type of cells does meiosis occur?
- Gametes (correct)
- Epithelial cells
- Somatic cells
- Stem cells
What is one key difference between meiosis and mitosis?
What is one key difference between meiosis and mitosis?
Which feature is characteristic of meiosis but not of mitosis?
Which feature is characteristic of meiosis but not of mitosis?
Flashcards
Meiosis
Meiosis
A type of cell division that produces cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, resulting in genetically different cells.
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
Meiosis creates genetically different, haploid cells for sexual reproduction, while mitosis makes identical, diploid cells for growth and repair.
Crossing Over
Crossing Over
The exchange of genetic material (alleles) between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to genetic variation.
Independent Assortment
Independent Assortment
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Haploid Cell
Haploid Cell
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Study Notes
Meiosis
- Meiosis is a cell division process that reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid, producing genetically different cells.
- It leads to genetic diversity and variation in a population.
Steps in Meiosis
- DNA replication
- Homologous chromosome pairing
- Crossing over (exchange of alleles)
- First division of homologous pairs
- Second division, halving the genetic material
- Four haploid cells are formed.
Meiosis and Genetic Variation
- Meiosis produces genetically different cells compared to the parent cell.
- This difference arises from crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes.
Meiosis in Animals
- Occurs in the gamete-producing organs (testes and ovaries).
- Produces eggs and sperm.
Meiosis in Plants
- Occurs in the pollen sacs (stamens) and ovules (ovary).
- Produces pollen and ovules.
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
- Mitosis
- Occurs in all organisms (except viruses).
- Creates body cells.
- One cell division
- No recombination or crossing over
- Produces 2 diploid daughter cells
- Daughter cells are identical to the parent cell
- Meiosis
- Occurs in animals, plants, and fungi.
- Creates sex cells
- Two cell divisions
- Recombination/crossing over occurs
- Produces 4 haploid daughter cells
- Daughter cells are genetically different to the parent cells
Variation in Meiosis
- Crossing over: DNA segments are swapped between homologous chromosomes.
- Independent assortment: Chromosomes separate independently during meiosis, leading to different combinations in daughter cells.
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