Meiosis and Genetic Variation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of meiosis in organisms?

  • Cell growth and repair
  • Asexual reproduction
  • Replication of somatic cells
  • Production of gametes for sexual reproduction (correct)

Which of the following processes during meiosis primarily contributes to genetic variation?

  • Replication of chromosomes before division
  • Mutations in DNA sequences
  • Cellular respiration
  • Crossing-over during Prophase I (correct)

What happens during Anaphase I of meiosis?

  • The nuclear envelope forms around the separated chromosomes.
  • Sister chromatids remain attached and do not move.
  • The chromosomes condense and align at the center of the cell.
  • Each chromosome's sister chromatids are separated and moved to opposite poles. (correct)

How many haploid daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

<p>Four haploid cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of fertilization in relation to meiosis?

<p>It combines genetic material from two parents, increasing variation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of meiosis is characterized by the disintegration of the nuclear envelope and chromosome condensation?

<p>Prophase I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage do spindle fibers align the chromosomes at the center of the cell?

<p>Metaphase I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique event during meiosis contributes to the shuffling of genetic material among offspring?

<p>Random chromosome assortment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of crossing-over during meiosis?

<p>To create genetic variation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during metaphase I of meiosis?

<p>Homologous chromosomes are randomly oriented (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

<p>Mitosis has a single division, meiosis has two (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of random chromatid assortment during meiosis?

<p>It contributes to genetic diversity in gametes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the diplotene stage of prophase I?

<p>Crossing-over concludes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the chromosome number after meiosis II?

<p>It remains the same as before the division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of individuals produced from sexual reproduction?

<p>They exhibit genetic variation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is marrying relatives, such as cousins, considered a common practice?

<p>In some island communities and ethnic groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Meiosis

A type of cell division that produces gametes (sex cells) for sexual reproduction.

Gametes

Reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Synapsis

The pairing of homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis.

Crossing-over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis.

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Random Chromosome Assortment

The random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during Metaphase I of meiosis.

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Fertilization

The fusion of a sperm and egg to form a zygote.

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Genetic Variation

The differences in genetic material among individuals of a species.

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Stages of Meiosis

The four phases (Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I) and the additional phases (Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II) that lead to the formation of four haploid cells.

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Sexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction results in offspring with unique combinations of traits, due to genetic variation.

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Crossing Over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, creating unique combinations of genes.

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Random Chromatid Assortment

The random alignment and separation of homologous chromosomes, leading to unique combinations of chromosomes in gametes.

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Meiosis I

The first meiotic division that reduces chromosome number, separates homologous chromosomes, initiating genetic recombination.

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Meiosis II

The second meiotic division, separating sister chromatids, similar to mitosis.

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Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Mitosis produces identical cells for growth and repair, while meiosis produces unique sex cells for reproduction.

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Genetic Variation

Differences in genes or other DNA sequences, leading to diverse traits among individuals.

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Relative Marriage

Marriage between relatives, practiced in some cultures despite it being a social taboo in most societal contexts.

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Study Notes

Meiosis and Genetic Variation

  • Meiosis occurs only in gametes for sexual reproduction, unlike mitosis.
  • Unique events in meiosis (synapsis, crossing-over, random assortment) cause genetic variation.

Stages of Meiosis

  • Meiosis I:

    • Prophase I: Chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes pair (synapsis), crossing-over occurs.
    • Metaphase I: Tetrads align at the center of the cell.
    • Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles.
    • Telophase I & Cytokinesis: Chromosomes decondense, the cell divides into two haploid cells.

  • Meiosis II:

    • Prophase II: Chromosomes condense again, nuclear envelope disintegrates.
    • Metaphase II: Chromosomes align at the center of each cell.
    • Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
    • Telophase II & Cytokinesis: Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope reforms, and the cell divides into four haploid daughter cells.

Genetic Variation

  • Crossing-Over: Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during prophase I.
  • Random Chromatid Assortment: The random alignment of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I leads to diverse combinations of chromosomes in gametes.
  • Fertilization: The unique combination of chromosomes from each parent during fertilization creates a unique individual.

Importance of Genetic Variation

  • Genetic variation is crucial for the survival and adaptability of species.
  • It allows organisms to adapt to changing environments and resist diseases.
  • Genetic variation is significant in the reproductive success of a species.
  • It leads to a greater likelihood of offspring with favorable traits.

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Related Documents

Meiosis and Genetic Variation PDF

Description

Test your understanding of meiosis, the process critical for sexual reproduction. This quiz covers key stages of meiosis, including synapsis, crossing-over, and the resulting genetic variation. See how well you grasp the concepts and details of this biological process.

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