Meiji Restoration: Modernization vs. Samurai Values

Nationalism and Unification

• Nationalism is a strong sense of pride and loyalty towards one's own nation.
• A nation-state is a sovereign state that is primarily composed of people who share a common language, culture, and history.
• The Grimm brothers, Jacob and Wilhelm, were German academics and cultural researchers who collected and published fairy tales and folklore.

German and Italian Unification

• German and Italian Unification were processes in the 19th century that led to the formation of modern-day Germany and Italy as unified nations.
• These processes involved the consolidation of smaller states and regions into larger, unified entities.

Imperialism and Scramble for Africa

• Imperialism is the policy or practice of extending a nation's power and influence through colonization, economic domination, or military force.
• The Scramble for Africa was a period during the late 19th and early 20th centuries when European powers competed for control over African territories.
• This resulted in the colonization and division of Africa by various European nations.

China and Japan

• China has a rich history and has played a significant role in world affairs.
• China has experienced various dynasties, revolutions, and cultural developments throughout its history.
• The Meiji Restoration was a period of major political, social, and economic reforms in Japan during the late 19th century.
• It marked the end of the feudal era and the modernization of Japan.

Industrialization and Modernization

• Industrialization is the process of transforming an economy from primarily agrarian and handmade production to one based on mechanized and mass production in factories.
• Modernization refers to the process of adopting modern practices, technologies, and social changes to improve and develop a society.
• Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution were often harsh.

World War I

• The MAIN causes of WWI were militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism.
• The Entente Powers consisted of countries such as France, Russia, and the United Kingdom.
• They fought against the Central Powers, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.
• The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914 was the spark that ignited the start of WWI.
• The Black Hand, a secret society in Serbia, and Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

WWI Events

• WWI introduced new weapons and warfare tactics that had a profound impact on the conflict.
• The Christmas Truce of 1914 was an unofficial ceasefire that occurred during WWI.
• Soldiers from both sides of the conflict temporarily laid down their weapons and celebrated Christmas together in the trenches.
• The Spanish Flu was a global influenza pandemic that occurred during WWI, infecting millions of people worldwide and causing a significant number of deaths.

Russian Revolution and Aftermath

• The Russian Revolution of 1917 led to the overthrow of the Russian monarchy and the establishment of a communist government led by Vladimir Lenin.
• Marxism is a socio-political theory developed by Karl Marx that advocates for the establishment of a classless society where the means of production are owned and controlled by the community.
• The Armenian Massacre was the systematic extermination of the Armenian population by the Ottoman Empire during WWI.
• The Ottoman Empire, also known as the "Sick Man of Europe," experienced a decline during WWI and eventually collapsed.
• The Paris Peace Conference took place in 1919 at the end of WWI, negotiated new terms of peace and established world order.
• The Treaty of Versailles was one of the treaties signed during the Paris Peace Conference.