Meiji Restoration: Modernization vs. Samurai Values

Study Notes

Nationalism is a strong sense of pride and loyalty towards one's own nation.
A nation-state is a sovereign state that is primarily composed of people who share a common language, culture, and history.
The Grimm brothers, Jacob and Wilhelm, were German academics and cultural researchers who collected and published fairy tales and folklore.

German and Italian Unification were processes in the 19th century that led to the formation of modern-day Germany and Italy as unified nations.
These processes involved the consolidation of smaller states and regions into larger, unified entities.

Imperialism is the policy or practice of extending a nation's power and influence through colonization, economic domination, or military force.
The Scramble for Africa was a period during the late 19th and early 20th centuries when European powers competed for control over African territories.
This resulted in the colonization and division of Africa by various European nations.

China has a rich history and has played a significant role in world affairs.
China has experienced various dynasties, revolutions, and cultural developments throughout its history.
The Meiji Restoration was a period of major political, social, and economic reforms in Japan during the late 19th century.
It marked the end of the feudal era and the modernization of Japan.

Industrialization is the process of transforming an economy from primarily agrarian and handmade production to one based on mechanized and mass production in factories.
Modernization refers to the process of adopting modern practices, technologies, and social changes to improve and develop a society.
Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution were often harsh.

The MAIN causes of WWI were militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism.
The Entente Powers consisted of countries such as France, Russia, and the United Kingdom.
They fought against the Central Powers, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914 was the spark that ignited the start of WWI.
The Black Hand, a secret society in Serbia, and Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

WWI introduced new weapons and warfare tactics that had a profound impact on the conflict.
The Christmas Truce of 1914 was an unofficial ceasefire that occurred during WWI.
Soldiers from both sides of the conflict temporarily laid down their weapons and celebrated Christmas together in the trenches.
The Spanish Flu was a global influenza pandemic that occurred during WWI, infecting millions of people worldwide and causing a significant number of deaths.

The Russian Revolution of 1917 led to the overthrow of the Russian monarchy and the establishment of a communist government led by Vladimir Lenin.
Marxism is a socio-political theory developed by Karl Marx that advocates for the establishment of a classless society where the means of production are owned and controlled by the community.
The Armenian Massacre was the systematic extermination of the Armenian population by the Ottoman Empire during WWI.
The Ottoman Empire, also known as the "Sick Man of Europe," experienced a decline during WWI and eventually collapsed.
The Paris Peace Conference took place in 1919 at the end of WWI, negotiated new terms of peace and established world order.
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the treaties signed during the Paris Peace Conference.