Megalodon: The Largest Shark
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Questions and Answers

What does the Theory of Natural Selection primarily explain?

  • How organisms create new environmental features.
  • How individuals voluntarily choose their traits.
  • The process of individuals adapting and changing within populations. (correct)
  • Why all organisms have identical traits and characteristics.
  • What phrase is often associated with the concept of Natural Selection?

  • Survival of the fittest. (correct)
  • Survival of the largest.
  • Survival of the smartest.
  • Survival of the weakest.
  • Which of the following best describes a key observation that led Darwin to the Theory of Natural Selection?

  • Only the largest organisms can survive in any environment.
  • Most organisms are exactly the same in traits.
  • All organisms have evolved from a single source.
  • Organisms differ in traits, leading to varying success in survival. (correct)
  • What can be inferred about organisms with traits better suited to their environment?

    <p>They are generally more successful at surviving and reproducing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Darwin's observations during his journey contribute to his theory?

    <p>They highlighted the diversity and adaptation of organisms over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific name of the megalodon?

    <p>Carcharocles megalodon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which geological epoch do megalodon fossils date back to?

    <p>Pliocene Epoch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fossil is created through physical compression and retains organic material?

    <p>Compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method can be used to date fossils by comparing the layers of rocks?

    <p>Stratigraphy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest division of the geological time scale called?

    <p>Eon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is utilized to determine the age of rocks via radioactive isotope decay?

    <p>Carbon-14 dating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comparative anatomy investigates the anatomical similarities and differences among which entities?

    <p>Different species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fossils that represent the hard parts of organisms are generally found in which type of rock?

    <p>Sedimentary rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes homologous structures from analogous structures?

    <p>Homologous structures share the same origin while analogous structures do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an analogous structure?

    <p>Wings of a butterfly and wings of a bird.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Lamarck's theory of Use and Disuse?

    <p>Unused organs will diminish while used organs develop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Darwin's view on evolution differ from Lamarck's?

    <p>Darwin focused on natural selection rather than environmental response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best exemplifies the theory of Acquired Characteristics according to Lamarck?

    <p>Giraffes strain their necks to reach food, leading to long necks in their offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence does genetic information provide in the study of evolution?

    <p>It reflects the shared ancestry of different species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does natural selection play in the evolution of species according to Darwin?

    <p>It favors the survival of individuals with beneficial traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a characteristic of homologous structures?

    <p>They often serve different functions across species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Megalodon and Fossils

    • Megalodon (Carcharocles megalodon) is the largest shark and fish known to have existed.
    • Its fossils date from the early Miocene Epoch (23 million years ago) to the end of the Pliocene Epoch (2.6 million years ago).
    • A significant megalodon tooth was discovered in Maribujok, Bohol in July 2020.

    Fossil Formation

    • Fossils are preserved traces of past organisms, mainly found in sedimentary rocks and often consist of hard body parts like bones, teeth, or shells.
    • There are two main types of fossils:
      • Impression (Imprint): Shallow external molds with little or no organic material.
      • Compression: Fossils preserved in sedimentary rock through physical compression, retaining more organic material.

    Determining Fossil Age

    • Relative Dating: Compares rock layers to determine relative ages; fossils in lower layers are assumed older than those above.
    • Carbon-14 Dating: Uses radioactive decay of isotopes to date fossils.
    • The geologic time scale categorizes Earth's history into Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras, further divided into periods.

    Comparative Anatomy

    • Comparative anatomy studies anatomical similarities and differences among species using bone structures.
    • Homologous structures: Share a common origin but may perform different functions (e.g., forelimbs of various mammals).
    • Analogous structures: Have similar functions but differ in origin (e.g., wings of birds and insects).

    Genetic Evidence

    • Genetic information consists of nucleotides and proteins crucial for heredity.
    • Biochemical analysis, including amino acid sequences, supports evolutionary connections among organisms.
    • DNA comparisons reveal relationships among species, showcasing their shared ancestry.

    Theories of Evolution

    • Jean Baptiste de Lamarck:

      • Proposed organisms change over time in response to environmental needs (Theory of Need).
      • Introduced the Theory of Use and Disuse, suggesting unused organs diminish, leading to changes in species.
      • The Theory of Acquired Characteristics proposed that traits acquired during an organism's life could be passed to offspring (e.g., giraffes stretching their necks).
    • Charles Darwin:

      • Supported the idea of change in organisms over time, emphasizing natural variation.
      • Developed the Theory of Natural Selection, explaining how traits enable some individuals to survive and reproduce better ("survival of the fittest").
      • Noted diversity among organisms, contributing to his understanding of natural selection and adaptation.

    Natural Selection Process

    • Natural selection involves individuals within a population varying in traits, leading to differential survival based on environmental fitness.
    • Organisms best suited to their environment have the highest chances of survival and reproduction, driving evolutionary change.

    Engagement and Observation

    • Observational activities can include analyzing footprints to infer information about organisms and relate findings to the Theory of Natural Selection, fostering an understanding of adaptation and survival in varying conditions.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of the megalodon, the largest shark species that ever existed. This quiz delves into the discovery of a megalodon tooth in Maribujok, Bohol and provides insights into the history and characteristics of this ancient predator. Test your knowledge about megalodon's fossils and its significance in marine history.

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