Medulloblastoma: Malignant Brain Tumor in Children
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the research paper 'Genome sequencing of SHH medulloblastoma predicts genotype-related response to smoothened inhibition'?

  • Investigating the role of smoothened inhibition in medulloblastoma treatment
  • Identifying genomic characteristics of SHH medulloblastoma (correct)
  • Analyzing the prognosis of medulloblastoma patients
  • Examining the effect of chemotherapy on medulloblastoma treatment
  • In which part of the brain is medulloblastoma typically found?

  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Cerebellum or dorsal brainstem (correct)
  • Frontal lobe
  • What is the significance of the study by Rutkowski et al. (2010)?

  • It reported a prognostic factor for early childhood medulloblastoma (correct)
  • It identified a new genetic marker for medulloblastoma diagnosis
  • It found a correlation between medulloblastoma subtype and patient outcome
  • It compared the effectiveness of different chemotherapy regimens
  • What is medulloblastoma?

    <p>A malignant small round cell tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the review article by Ramaswamy et al. (2016)?

    <p>Risk stratification of childhood medulloblastoma in the molecular era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of malignant CNS tumor in children?

    <p>Medulloblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theme of the study by Rutkowski et al. (2005)?

    <p>Postoperative chemotherapy for early childhood medulloblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genetic changes is associated with high-risk medulloblastoma?

    <p>Chromosome 7 gain, chromosome 8 loss, and chromosome 11 loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common theme among the referenced studies?

    <p>Examining the molecular characteristics of medulloblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common histopathological feature of medulloblastoma?

    <p>Epitheloid ribboning and nuclear moulding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is shared by secretory, angiomatous, microcystic, and lymphoplasmacyte rich meningioma variants?

    <p>Prominent peritumoral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnosis that would best fit the histology shown in the image?

    <p>Meningioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following meningioma variants is characterized by prominent secretory activity?

    <p>Secretory meningioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate set of immunostains to determine the diagnosis of the tumor?

    <p>EMA, Vimentin, and SSTR2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of the patient with the intracranial tumor?

    <p>57 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medulloblastoma

    • A malignant small round cell tumor found in the cerebellum or dorsal brainstem
    • The most common malignant CNS tumor in children

    Histopathological Features

    • Characterized by epitheloid ribboning and nuclear moulding of tumor cells
    • Reticulin stain highlights "pale islands" in desmoplastic medulloblastoma

    Genetic Features

    • Group 3 and 4 can be separated into favorable and high-risk cases based on chromosome 7 gain, chromosome 8 loss, and chromosome 11 loss
    • i17q diploid cases are classified as high-risk

    Subgroups and Classification

    • Histopathological and genetic classification is integrated to diagnose medulloblastoma
    • Subgroup-specific localization of human medulloblastoma can be based on pre-operative MRI

    Genomic Analysis

    • Recurrent medulloblastomas may have secondary glioblastoma after radiotherapy
    • WNT-activated medulloblastomas may have secondary SHH pathway activation

    Prognostic Factors and Treatment

    • Survival and prognostic factors of early childhood medulloblastoma include age, metastasis, and histology
    • Postoperative chemotherapy alone can be used to treat early childhood medulloblastoma
    • Risk stratification of childhood medulloblastoma can be done in the molecular era

    Meningioma Diagnosis

    • A 57-year-old man presented with an intracranial convexity-based tumor requiring immunostains to determine the diagnosis.

    Meningioma Variants

    • Low-grade meningioma variants that may have prominent peritumoral edema are: • Secretory • Angiomatous • Microcystic • Lymphoplasmacyte rich

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    Description

    Medulloblastoma is a type of malignant brain tumor that occurs in the cerebellum or dorsal brainstem, commonly found in children. It is characterized by specific cellular features and genetic changes.

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