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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the research paper 'Genome sequencing of SHH medulloblastoma predicts genotype-related response to smoothened inhibition'?
What is the primary focus of the research paper 'Genome sequencing of SHH medulloblastoma predicts genotype-related response to smoothened inhibition'?
- Investigating the role of smoothened inhibition in medulloblastoma treatment
- Identifying genomic characteristics of SHH medulloblastoma (correct)
- Analyzing the prognosis of medulloblastoma patients
- Examining the effect of chemotherapy on medulloblastoma treatment
In which part of the brain is medulloblastoma typically found?
In which part of the brain is medulloblastoma typically found?
- Occipital lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Cerebellum or dorsal brainstem (correct)
- Frontal lobe
What is the significance of the study by Rutkowski et al. (2010)?
What is the significance of the study by Rutkowski et al. (2010)?
- It reported a prognostic factor for early childhood medulloblastoma (correct)
- It identified a new genetic marker for medulloblastoma diagnosis
- It found a correlation between medulloblastoma subtype and patient outcome
- It compared the effectiveness of different chemotherapy regimens
What is medulloblastoma?
What is medulloblastoma?
What is the title of the review article by Ramaswamy et al. (2016)?
What is the title of the review article by Ramaswamy et al. (2016)?
What is the most common type of malignant CNS tumor in children?
What is the most common type of malignant CNS tumor in children?
What is the theme of the study by Rutkowski et al. (2005)?
What is the theme of the study by Rutkowski et al. (2005)?
Which of the following genetic changes is associated with high-risk medulloblastoma?
Which of the following genetic changes is associated with high-risk medulloblastoma?
What is a common theme among the referenced studies?
What is a common theme among the referenced studies?
What is a common histopathological feature of medulloblastoma?
What is a common histopathological feature of medulloblastoma?
What characteristic is shared by secretory, angiomatous, microcystic, and lymphoplasmacyte rich meningioma variants?
What characteristic is shared by secretory, angiomatous, microcystic, and lymphoplasmacyte rich meningioma variants?
What is the diagnosis that would best fit the histology shown in the image?
What is the diagnosis that would best fit the histology shown in the image?
Which of the following meningioma variants is characterized by prominent secretory activity?
Which of the following meningioma variants is characterized by prominent secretory activity?
What is the appropriate set of immunostains to determine the diagnosis of the tumor?
What is the appropriate set of immunostains to determine the diagnosis of the tumor?
What is the age of the patient with the intracranial tumor?
What is the age of the patient with the intracranial tumor?
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Study Notes
Medulloblastoma
- A malignant small round cell tumor found in the cerebellum or dorsal brainstem
- The most common malignant CNS tumor in children
Histopathological Features
- Characterized by epitheloid ribboning and nuclear moulding of tumor cells
- Reticulin stain highlights "pale islands" in desmoplastic medulloblastoma
Genetic Features
- Group 3 and 4 can be separated into favorable and high-risk cases based on chromosome 7 gain, chromosome 8 loss, and chromosome 11 loss
- i17q diploid cases are classified as high-risk
Subgroups and Classification
- Histopathological and genetic classification is integrated to diagnose medulloblastoma
- Subgroup-specific localization of human medulloblastoma can be based on pre-operative MRI
Genomic Analysis
- Recurrent medulloblastomas may have secondary glioblastoma after radiotherapy
- WNT-activated medulloblastomas may have secondary SHH pathway activation
Prognostic Factors and Treatment
- Survival and prognostic factors of early childhood medulloblastoma include age, metastasis, and histology
- Postoperative chemotherapy alone can be used to treat early childhood medulloblastoma
- Risk stratification of childhood medulloblastoma can be done in the molecular era
Meningioma Diagnosis
- A 57-year-old man presented with an intracranial convexity-based tumor requiring immunostains to determine the diagnosis.
Meningioma Variants
- Low-grade meningioma variants that may have prominent peritumoral edema are: • Secretory • Angiomatous • Microcystic • Lymphoplasmacyte rich
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