Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is classified as a major crime in Medieval England?
Which of the following is classified as a major crime in Medieval England?
What was the punishment for murder under the Murdrum laws?
What was the punishment for murder under the Murdrum laws?
What role did the Justices of Peace (JPs) play in the judicial system of 1361?
What role did the Justices of Peace (JPs) play in the judicial system of 1361?
Which law introduced in 1401 specifically dealt with heresy?
Which law introduced in 1401 specifically dealt with heresy?
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Which trial method was abolished by Pope in 1215?
Which trial method was abolished by Pope in 1215?
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What was the primary reason for the establishment of Forest Laws after the Norman invasion?
What was the primary reason for the establishment of Forest Laws after the Norman invasion?
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Which of the following crimes is considered a crime against authority?
Which of the following crimes is considered a crime against authority?
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In 1351, what was the consequence for someone convicted of treason?
In 1351, what was the consequence for someone convicted of treason?
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Study Notes
Medieval Crime and Justice in England
- Major Crimes (Medieval England): Counterfeiting, heresy, and poaching.
- Minor Crimes (Medieval England): Petty theft, selling damaged goods, and adultery.
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Crimes Against (Medieval England):
- Person: Assault, murder, and adultery.
- Property: Arson, poaching, serious theft, petty theft, and selling damaged goods.
- Authority: Treason, rebellion, counterfeiting, and heresy.
- Social Crime: A crime considered harmful to society was a "social crime."
- Norman Invasion Impact: Introduction of stricter laws after the Norman invasion.
- Forest Laws: Implemented to protect land; punishments aimed at deterrence.
- Murdrum Fines: Developed due to Saxon resentment towards Normans, fines imposed for murder; murder often led to execution, and involved chopping fingers.
- 1351 Treason Act: Individuals convicted of treason faced hanging, drawing, and quartering.
- Sheriffs (1066): Assigned by William I to handle medieval crimes and gain more authority to maintain order.
- Royal Judges (Edward I, etc.): Introduced to replace biased and inconsistent prior courts.
- Justices of the Peace (JPs, 1361): Local officials responsible for enforcing minor crimes.
- 1401 Heresy Law: Increased power/punishment for those challenging heresy (burning).
Trial Procedures (Medieval England)
- Anglo-Saxon Trials: Accused judged by local communities (Trial by jury). Trial by ordeal (hand on hot iron).
- Norman Trials: Trial by Combat. Local lords judged moderate crimes.
- Later Medieval Trials: Minor crimes judged by JPs, moderate crimes by JPs, and serious crimes by Royal Judges.
- Trial by Ordeal Abolished: The practice was outlawed in 1215 by the Pope.
Punishments (Medieval England)
- Fines: Common punishment.
- Stocks and Pillories: Used as deterrents.
- Corporal Punishment: Physical harm inflicted on the accused.
- Capital Punishment: Death penalty for serious crimes (heresy, treason, murder).
- Wergild: Monetary compensation for damages; more common than reparations.
- Reparations: Introduced in some areas; compensation went to the Monarch post-Norman era.
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Description
Explore the major and minor crimes of Medieval England, including the impact of the Norman invasion and the introduction of stricter laws. This quiz examines crimes against individuals, property, and authority, as well as significant historical laws like the 1351 Treason Act. Test your knowledge on how social and forest laws shaped justice during this fascinating period.
