Medicine Quiz on Common Disorders and Treatments

A condition where thickened mucus blocks the intestines, causing blockage and difficulty passing stool. Common in newborns with cystic fibrosis.

Difficulty digesting and absorbing fats, leading to bulky, foul-smelling stools. Caused by decreased pancreatic enzyme production in cystic fibrosis.

The process of the rectum protruding outside the anus, often caused by chronic constipation. This can occur in CF due to thick mucus blocking stool passage.

A metabolic imbalance where the body loses too much water and electrolytes (sodium, chloride), leading to increased bicarbonate levels, resulting in alkalosis. This can happen in CF due to excessive sweat.

Low levels of albumin, a protein in the blood, which can occur in CF due to malabsorption of nutrients.

A diagnostic test used to measure the chloride concentration in sweat. Elevated chloride levels in sweat are a hallmark of cystic fibrosis.

A test used to assess the health and function of the lungs, including lung volume, airflow, and gas exchange capacity.

A type of treatment that involves physical techniques to loosen mucus and clear airways. It often includes percussion, vibration, and postural drainage.

Enzymes that help digest food, typically taken by individuals with CF to aid in nutrient absorption.

Supplementation with essential vitamins that are often poorly absorbed in individuals with CF, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K in water-soluble form.

A high calorie and protein diet with moderate fat intake, exceeding the recommended daily allowance (RDA) by up to 150%. This type of diet is often used in medical conditions where the body needs extra energy and nutrients.

Medications used for treating Cystic Fibrosis (CF). These drugs work by enhancing the function of the CFTR protein, which is defective in CF patients.

A genetic test offered to couples planning a pregnancy, particularly if one partner is of Caucasian ethnicity, to determine if they are carriers for Cystic Fibrosis (CF).

Mandatory screening for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) conducted on all newborns in the United States. This helps identify infants with CF early, allowing for prompt treatment and improved outcomes.

A healthcare professional who specializes in the treatment of the lungs and respiratory system. They play a crucial role in managing Cystic Fibrosis (CF), a condition that affects the lungs and digestive system.

A genetic disorder where abnormal hemoglobin, mainly sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS), is overproduced, leading to deformed red blood cells that can cause blockages in small blood vessels.

A blood test used to identify different types of hemoglobin in the blood. This test can help diagnose Sickle Cell Anemia.

A genetic trait carrying one sickle cell gene (HbS). People with this trait usually don't experience symptoms of sickle cell anemia, but they can pass the gene onto their children.

A quick screening test performed on newborns to detect sickle cell anemia. It's based on the turbidity (cloudiness) of the blood sample.

A drug used to treat opioid overdose. It blocks the effects of opioids on the brain, helping to reverse the overdose symptoms.

An intense diabetes management strategy focusing on frequent blood sugar checks, careful meal planning, and adjusting insulin doses based on carbohydrate intake and exercise.

A method of delivering insulin continuously through a small pump worn on the body, mimicking the body's natural insulin release.

A severe complication of uncontrolled diabetes characterized by high blood sugar, ketones in the urine, and dehydration.

Swelling in the brain, a serious complication of DKA, often occurring in children.

Increased breathing rate to blow off excess carbon dioxide, a key treatment for cerebral edema.

A type of medication that helps reduce fluid in the brain, used to treat cerebral edema.

Reduced fluid intake to help decrease brain swelling, a part of cerebral edema treatment.

Raising the head of the bed to help reduce pressure in the brain, a part of cerebral edema treatment.

A common sign of insulin resistance, often appearing before type 2 diabetes develops in children. Characterized by thick, dark, and often velvety patches of skin, usually located in folds and creases of the body.

Decreased levels of growth hormone due to impaired pituitary gland function, leading to shorter stature in children.

The onset of secondary sexual characteristics in girls before the age of 8 and boys before the age of 9. Can be problematic due to potential early closure of growth plates, affecting height, and leading to social and emotional challenges.

The body's ability to use insulin effectively is increased. This often happens with regular physical activity.

The rate at which insulin is absorbed into the bloodstream varies depending on the injection site. The quickest absorption occurs when injected into the abdomen.

Severe sleepiness or irritability in toddlers can indicate either low or high blood sugar levels. This requires immediate attention and blood glucose testing.

Insufficient diabetes management can lead to delayed puberty in children. This highlights the importance of consistent blood sugar control.

Individuals with diabetes should always carry medical identification, ensuring emergency personnel are aware of their condition and can provide appropriate help if needed.

A viral skin infection that causes round, firm, painless bumps. It spreads through contact and usually disappears on its own.

A rare, serious bacterial infection that can affect the brain, spinal cord, and blood. It can be fatal.

A highly contagious childhood illness characterized by a distinctive facial rash that looks like slapped cheeks.

A viral infection that causes a characteristic prodrome (early symptoms) with fever, cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis. A rash develops later.

A viral infection that can cause sore throat, fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and other symptoms. It is often associated with swollen tonsils.

The period before the rash appears in measles, characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis.

Tiny white spots that appear inside the cheeks during the measles prodrome.

A common symptom of measles that involves sensitivity to light.