Medicine Quiz on Common Disorders and Treatments
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary treatment focus for managing GERD?

  • Medications and lifestyle changes (correct)
  • Surgery to correct the esophagus
  • High calorie and protein diet
  • Mechanical interventions for the intestines

    • Which of the following is among the CFTR modulators approved for therapeutic use?

  • Kalydeco (correct)
  • Trikafta (correct)
  • Lumacaftor
  • All of the above

    • What is the recommended approach for couples seeking prenatal care when one partner is Caucasian?

  • Biopsy of the placenta
  • No special testing needed
  • Prenatal genetic screening only
  • CF carrier testing is advised (correct)

    • What treatments are suggested for a female infertility rate affecting 20-35%?

    <p>Hormonal therapies and IVF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options can be used for the management of the vas deferens being absent?

    <p>Artificial insemination with donor sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

    <p>N-Acetylcysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing conjunctivitis?

    <p>Recently undergoing surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hemoglobin is most commonly associated with sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Hgb SS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hemoglobin electrophoresis?

    <p>To identify the different types of hemoglobin in an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is NOT typically used for conjunctivitis?

    <p>Antihistamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback of intensive therapy for diabetes management?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary benefits of using an insulin pump?

    <p>Continuous basal rate delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio for an infant using an insulin pump?

    <p>1 unit per 45 grams of CHO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>Cerebral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of cerebral edema in a patient?

    <p>Severe headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is recommended to manage cerebral edema?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What routine is involved in intensive therapy for diabetes?

    <p>Monitoring dietary intake and insulin dosing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what time should blood glucose be monitored at least once a week under intensive therapy?

    <p>3 AM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of insulin resistance that can be observed during a physical assessment?

    <p>Acanthosis nigricans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is associated with diabetes that has the lowest reported occurrence?

    <p>Blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the cognitive capabilities of adolescents regarding diabetes self-care?

    <p>Their desire to fit in may hinder compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for growth hormone deficiency in children?

    <p>Biosynthetic growth hormone injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a toddler shows signs of extreme sleepiness or irritability?

    <p>Check blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does regular physical activity affect insulin sensitivity?

    <p>It increases insulin sensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of medical alert identification for diabetics?

    <p>To alert others in case of an emergency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential psychological impact of precocious puberty in children?

    <p>Social stigmatization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the excretion of undigested food in stool that appears increased, frothy, and foul?

    <p>Cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals with cystic fibrosis are likely to develop liver cirrhosis?

    <p>87%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant metabolic disorder resulting from excessive water loss in cystic fibrosis patients?

    <p>Hyponatremic/hypochloremic alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most useful diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis?

    <p>Sweat Chloride Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured for accurate results in the Sweat Chloride Test?

    <p>Stimulation of maximal sweat rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is NOT commonly included for respiratory management in cystic fibrosis patients?

    <p>Insulin therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise in cystic fibrosis patients due to lack of hydration leading to severe constipation?

    <p>Rectal prolapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is not typically given in its water-soluble form to cystic fibrosis patients?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The treatment of cystic fibrosis often includes which of the following to improve nutritional intake?

    <p>Pancreatic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Delayed puberty in females can be an associated presentation of which health condition?

    <p>Cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to obtain prior to administering immunizations?

    <p>Informed consent from the parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with erythema infectiosum?

    <p>High fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the measles prodrome?

    <p>Presence of Koplik spots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding meningococcal disease is true?

    <p>It can lead to blood infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options is NOT a recommended practice for vaccine storage?

    <p>Store them at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key way that molluscum contagiosum spreads?

    <p>Direct contact with infected objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of the rash in measles typically characterized by?

    <p>Spreading from forehead downward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is most likely to occur with untreated meningococcal disease?

    <p>Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE

    • Also called congenital aganglionic megacolon
    • Mechanical obstruction from inadequate motility of the intestine
    • Incidence: 1 in 5,000 live births; more common in males and Down syndrome
    • Birth defect; nerve cells missing in intestines, lacking ganglion cells
    • Typically affects the rectum, preventing relaxation and defecation
    • Gold standard: Rectal biopsy showing absence of ganglion cells in the colon
    • Due to the inability to pass stool, the sphincter doesn't relax, causing stool to back up
    • Results in a megacolon (distended sigmoid colon)

    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    • Aganglionic segment usually includes rectum and proximal colon
    • Accumulation of stool with distention
    • Failure of internal anal sphincter to relax
    • Enterocolitis may occur
    • Ribbon-like stools common

    CHILD WITH A COLOSTOMY

    • When lacking ganglion cells, portions of the intestine are removed
    • May be temporary or permanent
    • Temporary: bowel rest for 6 months
    • Permanent: removal of more than 1 foot of intestine
    • Megacolon is treated with resection/colostomy surgery.
    • May need resection repeatedly to treat affected portions

    INTUSSUSCEPTION

    • Telescoping or invagination of one part of the intestine into another
    • Usually involves the ileum
    • Cutting off blood supply
    • Occasionally tied to intestinal lesions, sometimes unknown cause
    • Abdominal pain, abdominal mass and blood stools are classic triad
    • Ileum telescopes into itself

    MANIFESTATIONS

    • Acute abdominal pain alternating with intervals of no pain
    • Empty RLQ, but all issues within RUQ causing intervals.
    • Passage of red currant jelly stools
    • Sausage-shaped mass in RUQ

    CYSTIC FIBROSIS

    • Exocrine gland dysfunction leading to multisystem involvement
    • Most common lethal genetic illness among white children
    • Approximately 1,000 new diagnoses per year in the US

    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    • In normal cells, chloride channels actively transport chloride to the cell surface, hydrating secretions (e.g., mucus in the lungs).
    • In CF, chloride channels are abnormal in all exocrine glands.
    • Water doesn't follow chloride, making secretions thick and viscous.
    • Increased viscosity of mucus-producing glands
    • Mechanical obstruction, thick secretions, and concretions in glands and ducts lead to problems
    • Primarily affects the respiratory tract and pancreas.

    RESPIRATORY MANIFESTATIONS

    • Mucus does not carry inhaled materials out of the lungs.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on various medical conditions and their treatments with this quiz. From managing GERD to understanding infertility options, this quiz covers a range of essential topics in medicine. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals looking to refresh their knowledge.

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