23 Questions
What is a common cause of dull ache in the loin according to the text?
Sloughed renal papilla
Excessive micturition polyuria (> 3 litres/day) may result from:
Pure water diuresis
Which condition is typically associated with waking up at night to void urine?
Chronic kidney disease
What is a common cause of acute loin pain radiating to the groin according to the text?
Sloughed renal papilla
What can lead to an increase in urine volume according to the text?
Osmotic diuresis
Renal colic, the acute loin pain radiating to the groin, is typically due to:
Calculi
What is typically considered a benign condition in the absence of other signs of renal disease?
Orthostatic proteinuria
What is the primary marker for myeloma?
Bence Jones protein
Which of the following tests is not sufficient to detect Bence Jones protein?
Sulphosalicylic acid precipitation test
What is characterized by the loss of more than 3 gm/day of protein in the urine?
Nephrotic syndrome
Which cell type secretes free immunoglobulin light chains?
B lymphocytes
What is the normal range of red blood cells in the urine of healthy individuals?
Up to 12500 rbc/ml
What can cause a dipstick test to be positive?
Red blood cells, free haemoglobin, or myoglobin
What is a possible cause of persistent hematuria?
Malignancy
What is the typical daily amount of protein that appears in urine?
Less than 150 mg
What may cause proteinuria to occur only during the day?
Vigorous exercise
What should be done with proteinuria results that occur due to transient causes?
Tests should be repeated once the stimulus is no longer present
What is the primary symptom of UTIs?
Decreased urine volumes
What is nocturia?
Frequent urination at night due to sleep disturbance
How is anuria defined?
Urine production of less than 50 ml/day
Which of the following can worsen urinary incontinence?
All of the above
What is haematuria?
Blood in the urine that is visible or invisible
What is the main cause of polyuria?
Diuretic therapy
This quiz covers presenting problems in the renal system including loin pain and its various causes such as renal stones, renal tumors, acute pyelonephritis, and renal pelvis obstruction. It also discusses upper urinary tract obstructions and their common causes.
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