Medicinal Use of Microorganisms
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Medicinal Use of Microorganisms

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of yeast in the baking industry?

  • To generate carbon dioxide (correct)
  • To enhance the flavor of bread
  • To produce antibiotics
  • To kill disease-causing bacteria

    • Which of the following is NOT a source of antibiotics?

  • Plants (correct)
  • Fungi
  • Microorganisms
  • Bacteria

    • How did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin?

  • By testing yeast in bacterial cultures
  • By mixing antibiotics with fruit juice
  • Through observing mold that killed bacteria (correct)
  • From a failed experiment with grains

    • Which antibiotic is NOT mentioned as being produced from bacteria?

    <p>Amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fermentation, what type of sugars does yeast primarily grow on for alcohol production?

    <p>Natural sugars in grains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of antibiotics allows them to stop disease-causing microorganisms?

    <p>They inhibit bacterial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end result of using microorganisms in the production of vinegar?

    <p>It ferments sugars into acetic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common medicinal use of microorganisms besides producing antibiotics?

    <p>To produce alcoholic beverages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibiotics?

    <p>Cure a variety of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases can be prevented by vaccination?

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if antibiotics are taken when not needed?

    <p>Beneficial bacteria may be killed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered the vaccine for smallpox?

    <p>Edward Jenner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to complete the antibiotic course prescribed by a doctor?

    <p>To prevent the return of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do vaccines protect the body against diseases?

    <p>By training the immune system to remember pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe microorganisms that cause diseases in humans, plants, and animals?

    <p>Pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of taking incorrect doses of antibiotics?

    <p>Making future treatments less effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pathogens commonly enter the human body?

    <p>Through air, water, food, or physical contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding antibiotics to livestock feed?

    <p>To check microbial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a carrier of the malaria parasite?

    <p>Female Anopheles mosquito</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended practice to prevent the transmission of pathogens from contaminated food?

    <p>Always wash hands with soap before eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diseases are spread from an infected person to a healthy person?

    <p>Communicable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a housefly in the transmission of diseases?

    <p>It carries pathogens on its body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is specifically transmitted through mosquito bites?

    <p>Dengue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are infectious droplets significant in the transmission of illness?

    <p>They can spread pathogens in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for food spoiling, as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Microorganisms growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly used to preserve food at low temperatures?

    <p>Refrigeration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sodium benzoate and sodium metabisulphite used for?

    <p>Preservatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the milk in packets remain unspoiled?

    <p>It is pasteurized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to bread when left in moist conditions?

    <p>It gets attacked by fungus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chemical method of preserving food?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does spoiled food emit a bad smell?

    <p>Chemical reactions from microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding acid preservatives to food?

    <p>Prevents microorganism growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms are considered microbes despite being different from bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microorganisms are known to cause serious diseases?

    <p>Pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganisms are known for their role in decomposing organic waste?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is directly associated with certain bacteria fixing nitrogen into the soil?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do some microorganisms play in the environment that assists with soil fertility?

    <p>They fix nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following environments can microorganisms thrive in?

    <p>In extreme conditions such as hot springs and ice cold climates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of certain microorganisms in commercial production?

    <p>Producing medicines and alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganisms can lead to food poisoning by growing on food?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medicinal Use of Microorganisms

    • Antibiotics are medicines derived from microorganisms that kill or stop the growth of disease-causing microorganisms.
    • Examples of antibiotics include penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and erythromycin.
    • Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1929, observing that a mold prevented the growth of bacteria in a culture plate.
    • Antibiotics can be used to cure a variety of diseases and are even mixed with animal feed to prevent microbial infections.
    • It is crucial to consult a doctor for antibiotic prescriptions and complete the prescribed course as incomplete or unnecessary use can reduce its future effectiveness and harm beneficial bacteria in the body.
    • Antibiotics are not effective against cold and flu, which are caused by viruses.

    Vaccines

    • Vaccines are injections that contain weakened or inactive versions of disease-causing microbes, stimulating the body to produce antibodies against the disease.
    • The body remembers how to fight these microbes if they enter the body again, providing immunity.
    • Vaccines are available for diseases like cholera, tuberculosis, smallpox, hepatitis, and polio.
    • Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for smallpox in 1798.
    • A worldwide campaign against smallpox has successfully led to its eradication in most parts of the world.

    Harmful Microorganisms

    • Microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and some viruses can cause diseases called microbial diseases in humans, plants and animals.
    • These disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens and can be transmitted through air, water, food, physical contact, or animal carriers.
    • Examples of communicable diseases include cholera, common cold, chicken pox, and tuberculosis.
    • Food poisoning can occur due to the consumption of food contaminated with microbes that produce toxic substances.
    • Carriers of disease-causing microbes include houseflies, which can spread pathogens from garbage and animal excreta to uncovered food.
    • The female Anopheles mosquito carries the Plasmodium parasite responsible for malaria, and the female Aedes mosquito carries the dengue virus.

    Food Preservation

    • Microorganisms can spoil food by decomposing it, causing a bad smell, taste, and change in color.
    • Common methods of food preservation at home include:
      • Salting and Drying: These methods remove moisture, inhibiting microbial growth.
      • Refrigeration: Low temperatures slow down microbial growth.
      • Chemical preservatives: These chemicals like salt, edible oils, sodium benzoate, and sodium metabisulphite hinder microbial activity.
    • Pasteurization is a process that heats milk to a specific temperature to kill harmful microbes, making it safe to consume without boiling.
    • The use of preservatives in jams, squashes, and pickles helps to prevent spoilage.

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    Explore the crucial roles of antibiotics and vaccines in medicine. Learn about the discovery of penicillin, the importance of proper antibiotic use, and how vaccines help the body fight diseases. This quiz delves into how microorganisms serve as both allies and adversaries in health care.

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