Medicinal Plants Lecture Notes (PG 101)

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following components is NOT required for photosynthesis?

Water from the soil

Carbon dioxide from the air

Nitrogen from the soil (correct)

Energy from sunlight

What process converts carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis into energy?

Fermentation

Transpiration

Photosynthesis

Oxidation (correct)

What is the primary function of transpiration in plants?

Gas exchange

Water loss (correct)

Nutrient absorption

Food production

In which part of the plant does most transpiration occur?

Leaves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes respiration in plants?

Conversion of carbohydrates to energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of water used in transpiration compared to total water entering the plant?

90% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is correct?

Photosynthesis requires chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

The process similar to the burning of wood or coal in plants is:

Respiration Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of water is used in chemical reactions and in plant tissues?

10% Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is NOT part of the cell theory?

Cells can be produced from non-living matter. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a cell?

The smallest unit of an organism that carries on the functions of life. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of water in plants?

Used in chemical reactions and plant tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of living things is supported by cell theory?

All living organisms consist of one or more cells. Signup and view all the answers

According to cell theory, how do cells arise?

Only from other living cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the cell being the basic unit of life?

Cells are the site of all life functions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about water in the context of plants is false?

All of the water in plants is used for growth. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medicinal Plants Lecture Notes (PG 101)

Plant Physiology (Lecture 11): The lecture covered plant physiology, focusing on the three major plant functions.

Plant Functions

Photosynthesis: Plants create food (energy) using sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil. The chemical equation is 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂. Chlorophyll traps light energy to make food.
Respiration: Plants convert carbohydrates created during photosynthesis into energy. This process, called oxidation, is similar to burning wood to generate heat. The equation is C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Heat.
Transpiration: This is the process of plants losing water, predominantly through leaf stomata. About 90% of the water taken up by the roots is used for transpiration. The remaining 10% supports chemical reactions and plant tissues.

Cell Theory

Cells: The fundamental unit of all organisms. Cells perform all functions vital for life.
Cell Theory Principles:
- All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Plant Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane: Encloses the cell's components
- Function: Controls what enters and leaves the cell, provides support, and helps maintain a stable environment.
- Structure: Double lipid membrane, selectively permeable.
- Analogy: Townline
Cell Wall: A rigid outer layer found only in plant cells.
- Function: Provides strength, support, and shape to the cell.
- Structure: Made of cellulose, a strong and rigid material.
- Analogy: Castle Wall
Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance within the cell where organelles float.
- Function: Supports organelles, contains materials for growth, and helps remove waste.
- Structure: 80% water.
- Analogy: Town property
Nucleus: The control center of the cell.
- Function: Controls cellular activities, stores DNA (chromosomes), regulates growth, and development.
- Structure: Surrounded by the nuclear membrane, usually round or oval, located near the center of the cell.
- Analogy: Mayor and city council
Mitochondria: The powerhouse of the cell.
- Function: Converts food into usable energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
- Structure: Outer and inner membrane, rod shaped.
- Analogy: Powerhouse (power plant).
Ribosomes: Protein factories.
- Function: Assemble proteins for cell growth, repair, and other processes.
- Structure: Small, round structures, either free-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Analogy: Factory
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Transports materials within the cell.
- Function: Network of tubes and canals that transports materials. Smooth ER involved in lipid synthesis, while rough ER, with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins.
- Structure: Network of tubes, smooth or rough (with ribosomes attached).
- Analogy: Roads and highways
Golgi Bodies: Processes, packages, and secretes materials.
- Function: Processes and packages cellular materials.
- Structure: Series of flattened sacs.
- Analogy: Center for manufacturing and shipping (UPS).
Lysosomes: Digestive enzymes that break down waste materials.
- Function: Breaks down waste and cellular debris.
- Structure: Only in animal cells, contains powerful digestive chemicals.
- Analogy: Garbage collectors.
Vacuoles: Store water, food, and waste materials. (mainly in plant cells)
- Function: Stores water, food, and waste materials; contributes to overall shape.
- Structure: Fluid-filled sacs.
- Analogy: Storage warehouse.
Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis
- Function: Captures sunlight energy to produce glucose.
- Structure: Green, oval-shaped, containing chlorophyll.
- Analogy: Greenhouse or solar cell.

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Description

This lecture notes quiz focuses on plant physiology, covering the essential plant functions including photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. Additionally, it delves into the fundamental concepts of cell theory and its significance in understanding living organisms. Prepare to test your knowledge on these vital botanical processes!