Medicinal Plants Lecture Notes (PG 101)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following components is NOT required for photosynthesis?

  • Water from the soil
  • Carbon dioxide from the air
  • Nitrogen from the soil (correct)
  • Energy from sunlight

    • What process converts carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis into energy?

  • Fermentation
  • Transpiration
  • Photosynthesis
  • Oxidation (correct)

    • What is the primary function of transpiration in plants?

  • Gas exchange
  • Water loss (correct)
  • Nutrient absorption
  • Food production

    • In which part of the plant does most transpiration occur?

    <p>Leaves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes respiration in plants?

    <p>Conversion of carbohydrates to energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of water used in transpiration compared to total water entering the plant?

    <p>90% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is correct?

    <p>Photosynthesis requires chloroplasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process similar to the burning of wood or coal in plants is:

    <p>Respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of water is used in chemical reactions and in plant tissues?

    <p>10% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is NOT part of the cell theory?

    <p>Cells can be produced from non-living matter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a cell?

    <p>The smallest unit of an organism that carries on the functions of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of water in plants?

    <p>Used in chemical reactions and plant tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of living things is supported by cell theory?

    <p>All living organisms consist of one or more cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to cell theory, how do cells arise?

    <p>Only from other living cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the cell being the basic unit of life?

    <p>Cells are the site of all life functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about water in the context of plants is false?

    <p>All of the water in plants is used for growth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What is photosynthesis?

    Plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into energy (sugars) which is stored for growth and essential processes.

    What is transpiration?

    A plant's process of losing water mainly through its leaves, specifically the small openings called stomata.

    What is respiration?

    The process of breaking down carbohydrates (sugars) made during photosynthesis, generating energy for the plant to grow and function.

    What are stomata?

    Small openings on the surface of plant leaves that allow gas exchange (like carbon dioxide and oxygen) and water vapor to escape during transpiration.

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    What is oxidation in plant physiology?

    The process of converting carbohydrates, such as sugars, into energy during cellular metabolism, which is similar to how we burn food for energy.

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    What is plant growth in relation to respiration?

    The process of producing new tissues or increasing in size of a plant using energy from respiration.

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    What is water uptake in plants?

    The process of a plant absorbing water and nutrients from the soil through its roots.

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    What is translocation in plants?

    The movement of nutrients and water within the plant, powered by transpiration and other processes.

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    What is a cell?

    The smallest unit of an organism capable of carrying out life functions.

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    What is the Cell Theory?

    All living things are composed of one or more cells, cells are the fundamental units of structure and function in living things, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

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    What is the cell wall?

    A rigid outer layer that provides structural support and protection to the plant cell.

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    What is the chloroplast?

    A membrane-bound organelle responsible for photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.

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    What is the central vacuole?

    A large central vacuole is a fluid-filled sac that helps maintain turgor pressure, stores water, and plays a role in cell growth.

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    What is the nucleus?

    A membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.

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    What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

    A network of interconnected membranous sacs and tubules involved in protein synthesis, modification, and transport.

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    What are ribosomes?

    Small, spherical organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

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    Study Notes

    Medicinal Plants Lecture Notes (PG 101)

    • Plant Physiology (Lecture 11): The lecture covered plant physiology, focusing on the three major plant functions.

    Plant Functions

    • Photosynthesis: Plants create food (energy) using sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil. The chemical equation is 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂. Chlorophyll traps light energy to make food.

    • Respiration: Plants convert carbohydrates created during photosynthesis into energy. This process, called oxidation, is similar to burning wood to generate heat. The equation is C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Heat.

    • Transpiration: This is the process of plants losing water, predominantly through leaf stomata. About 90% of the water taken up by the roots is used for transpiration. The remaining 10% supports chemical reactions and plant tissues.

    Cell Theory

    • Cells: The fundamental unit of all organisms. Cells perform all functions vital for life.

    • Cell Theory Principles:

      • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
      • Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
      • All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

    Plant Cell Structure and Function

    • Cell Membrane: Encloses the cell's components

      • Function: Controls what enters and leaves the cell, provides support, and helps maintain a stable environment.
      • Structure: Double lipid membrane, selectively permeable.
      • Analogy: Townline

    • Cell Wall: A rigid outer layer found only in plant cells.

      • Function: Provides strength, support, and shape to the cell.
      • Structure: Made of cellulose, a strong and rigid material.
      • Analogy: Castle Wall

    • Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance within the cell where organelles float.

      • Function: Supports organelles, contains materials for growth, and helps remove waste.
      • Structure: 80% water.
      • Analogy: Town property

    • Nucleus: The control center of the cell.

      • Function: Controls cellular activities, stores DNA (chromosomes), regulates growth, and development.
      • Structure: Surrounded by the nuclear membrane, usually round or oval, located near the center of the cell.
      • Analogy: Mayor and city council

    • Mitochondria: The powerhouse of the cell.

      • Function: Converts food into usable energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
      • Structure: Outer and inner membrane, rod shaped.
      • Analogy: Powerhouse (power plant).

    • Ribosomes: Protein factories.

      • Function: Assemble proteins for cell growth, repair, and other processes.
      • Structure: Small, round structures, either free-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
      • Analogy: Factory

    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Transports materials within the cell.

      • Function: Network of tubes and canals that transports materials. Smooth ER involved in lipid synthesis, while rough ER, with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins.
      • Structure: Network of tubes, smooth or rough (with ribosomes attached).
      • Analogy: Roads and highways

    • Golgi Bodies: Processes, packages, and secretes materials.

      • Function: Processes and packages cellular materials.
      • Structure: Series of flattened sacs.
      • Analogy: Center for manufacturing and shipping (UPS).

    • Lysosomes: Digestive enzymes that break down waste materials.

      • Function: Breaks down waste and cellular debris.
      • Structure: Only in animal cells, contains powerful digestive chemicals.
      • Analogy: Garbage collectors.

    • Vacuoles: Store water, food, and waste materials. (mainly in plant cells)

      • Function: Stores water, food, and waste materials; contributes to overall shape.
      • Structure: Fluid-filled sacs.
      • Analogy: Storage warehouse.

    • Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis

      • Function: Captures sunlight energy to produce glucose.
      • Structure: Green, oval-shaped, containing chlorophyll.
      • Analogy: Greenhouse or solar cell.

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    Description

    This lecture notes quiz focuses on plant physiology, covering the essential plant functions including photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. Additionally, it delves into the fundamental concepts of cell theory and its significance in understanding living organisms. Prepare to test your knowledge on these vital botanical processes!

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