Medications - Unit 2

Medications - Unit 2

• Chlorpromazine/Haloperidol (Typical/1st generation Antipsychotic): Used for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar with mania and psychosis. Side effects include anticholinergic symptoms (dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision), extrapyramidal symptoms (Parkinson's-like symptoms), and orthostatic hypotension.

• Aripiprazole/Risperidone/Clozapine (Atypical/2nd generation Antipsychotic): Used for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar with mania and psychosis, and OCD. Clozapine can have a side effect of agranulocytosis. Atypical antipsychotics generally have fewer extrapyramidal side effects than typical antipsychotics.

• Lithium Carbonate (Mood Stabilizer): Used for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Common side effects include hand tremors, increased thirst and urination, weight gain, dizziness, and fatigue. Toxicity can lead to slurred speech, muscle weakness, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. Harmful in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

• Diazepam/Lorazepam (Benzodiazepine, Major tranquilizer): Used for anxiety and alcohol withdrawal. Side effects include sedation, decreased respiratory rate and heart rate, and addictive potential.

• Buspirone (Anxiolytic, Minor tranquilizer): Used for anxiety. Non-sedating and non-addictive, taking 2-4 weeks to show effect.

• Amitriptyline (Tricyclic antidepressant): Used for major depressive disorder, insomnia, and chronic pain. Side effects include orthostatic hypotension, sedation, anticholinergic symptoms, and suicide risk.

• Escitalopram/Fluoxetine (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs): Used for major depressive disorder. Side effects include weight gain, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and serotonin syndrome risk.

• Phenelzine (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, MAOIs): Used for major depressive disorder and panic disorder. Avoid combining with other antidepressants and tyramine-rich foods (such as aged cheese, cured meats, and wine) to prevent hypertensive crisis.

Medications - Unit 2 (continued) - Page 2

• Donepezil (Anti-Alzheimer's Full Agonist opioid): Used for early to mid-stage Alzheimer's disease. Administration is best given at bedtime; sedating and can cause constipation.

• Methadone (Full Agonist opioid): Used for opioid use disorder long-term maintenance and chronic pain. Significant side effects include vivid dreams, sedation, and constipation.

• Naloxone (Opioid antagonist): Used for opioid overdose. Low risk of harm, and generally safe to administer.

• Buprenorphine (Opioid partial agonist antagonist): Used for opioid use disorder. Can cause constipation, sedation, dizziness, headache, and muscle cramps, but less of an overdose risk than pure opioid agonists. Potential for polysubstance abuse.