Questions and Answers
What is a critical aspect to monitor when administering digoxin?
What adverse reaction should patients be aware of when taking cromolyn for asthma?
How do antianxiety agents primarily affect the central nervous system?
What should nurses monitor for in patients taking Histamine 2 Receptor antagonists for peptic ulcers?
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What is an important precaution for clients taking antihypertensives?
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Which medication requires daily administration for preventative control in asthma?
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Which symptom indicates digoxin toxicity that should be monitored?
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What should patients taking Histamine 2 Receptor antagonists avoid doing immediately after taking their medication?
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Which schedule drug has the highest potential for abuse?
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What is a common adverse effect of first-generation antihistamines?
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What is a key risk when a patient on ACE inhibitors stands up too quickly?
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Why must pulse and blood pressure be monitored after the first dose of ACE inhibitors?
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What type of inhaler is primarily used for immediate relief of acute respiratory distress?
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What is a characteristic of carbonyl iron supplements?
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Which population requires caution when administering antihistamines?
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Which of the following is a reason to hold an ACE inhibitor medication?
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What is the primary purpose of bupropion in pharmacotherapy?
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Which adverse effect is commonly associated with the use of bupropion?
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What should patients be advised regarding Dornase Alfa?
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What is a primary concern when administering cyclooxygenase inhibitors?
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What is not advised when initiating an IV infusion?
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Which symptom indicates that a nurse should conduct frequent oral care for a patient on bupropion?
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The primary action of cyclooxygenase inhibitors is to:
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Which medication is indicated to decrease the viscosity of pulmonary secretions in cystic fibrosis?
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Study Notes
Cardiac Glycosides
- Digoxin requires baseline vital signs monitoring to ensure safety during administration.
- Toxicity symptoms include vomiting, anorexia, and confusion; vigilance is critical, especially for patients on furosemide.
- For infants and children, the therapeutic window for digoxin is narrow, demanding careful dosage.
Asthma Medications
- Cromolyn acts as a mast cell stabilizer, preventing allergic responses associated with asthma.
- Adverse reactions include irritation; patients should wear contacts and follow daily dosing guidelines for effective prevention.
Anti-Anxiety Medications
- These agents are prescribed for anxiety symptoms, convulsive disorders, and preoperative sedation.
- They depress subcortical levels of the CNS and the limbic system leading to a calming effect.
Peptic Ulcer Disease Treatments
- Histamine 2 Receptor antagonists inhibit gastric acid secretion and reduce pepsin output.
- Common adverse effects are confusion, headache, and dizziness; patients should avoid antacids within one hour of taking these medications.
Antihypertensives
- Used to manage and control chronic hypertension; patients should rise slowly from sitting or lying positions to prevent dizziness.
- Continuation of medication is crucial even if symptoms improve to reduce thrombotic risks.
Schedule Drugs
- Schedule V drugs have minimal abuse potential, while Schedule I drugs possess high potential for abuse and are primarily for research.
- Schedule II drugs have moderate abuse potential and require non-renewable prescriptions.
Antihistamines
- They block H1 receptor sites to counteract histamine effects; drowsiness is a common adverse effect in first-generation antihistamines.
- Caution is advised when administering to older adults or those with glaucoma due to increased sensitivity.
Inhalers: MDI and DPI
- Metered Dose Inhalers (MDI) are pressurized devices delivering medication directly where needed; useful as rescue inhalers for acute respiratory relief.
ACE Inhibitors
- Can lead to orthostatic hypotension; patients should take care when standing up to avoid falls.
- Monitoring of pulse and blood pressure is necessary after the first dose, particularly for those on diuretics; hold the medication if systolic BP is below 90 mmHg.
Mineral Deficiencies
- Carbonyl iron is a slow-absorbing iron supplement; it requires high doses to become toxic to patients.
IV Infusion Management
- For calculating flow rate, multiply the dose per kg by weight in kg and further by 60 minutes to determine dose per minute.
- Patients should be advised not to raise their arms over their heads to assist in an effective IV infusion.
Antidepressant Reuptake Inhibitors
- Bupropion inhibits dopamine reuptake in the CNS and is utilized for smoking cessation.
- Potential side effects include tremors, dry mouth, and motor seizures; patients may experience frequent mood changes and need regular oral care.
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
- These medications inhibit cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin synthesis; NSAIDs are common examples used for pain, inflammation, and fever.
- Monitoring for GI bleeding is imperative due to the adverse effects associated with this class of drugs.
Cystic Fibrosis Medications
- Dornase alfa is an inhaled recombinant DNA agent that reduces pulmonary secretion viscosity, enhancing lung function.
- Should not be taken with antacids and must be ingested with meals; common side effects include skin rashes, vomiting, and anorexia.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cardiac glycosides, particularly digoxin. This quiz covers essential information regarding administration, safety margins, and signs of toxicity. Understand the critical factors necessary for patient care when using these medications in various populations.
