PH 5 Drugs for Bacterial Infections
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a symptom of pseudomembranous colitis caused by overgrowth of C. diff?

  • White patches on the tongue
  • Low-grade fever
  • Itchy discharge in the vagina
  • Excessive watery diarrhea (correct)

    • What is the recommended schedule for giving an antibiotic that is ordered to be given four times a day?

  • Every 4 hours
  • Every 8 hours
  • Every 6 hours (correct)
  • Every 12 hours

    • Which of the following is a potential side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics?

  • Itchy discharge in the vagina
  • White patches on the tongue
  • Excessive watery diarrhea
  • Hearing loss (correct)

    • How long is the duration of antibiotic therapy most often prescribed?

    <p>10-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs have mechanisms of action that kill bacteria?

    <p>Bactericidal drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that are usually present on the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina of a healthy individual and do not cause infection?

    <p>Normal flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that lives on or in a human and relies on the human for its food and other functions?

    <p>Parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an invasion of body tissue by disease-producing pathogens that multiply and produce toxins that react in a dangerous way and produce illness in a host organism?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs interfere with the creation and repair of bacterial cell walls?

    <p>Cell wall synthesis inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that limit or slow the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Bacteriostatic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should breast-feeding be avoided during antimicrobial therapy?

    <p>Antimicrobial drugs are excreted into breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that kill bacteria?

    <p>Bactericidal drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is often used interchangeably with antibiotics?

    <p>Antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of antimicrobial drugs?

    <p>To kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of drugs includes penicillins and cephalosporins?

    <p>Antibacterials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do first-line antitubercular drugs refer to?

    <p>Antibiotics used to treat tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a strategy to prevent yeast infections when taking antibiotics?

    <p>Taking probiotic bacteria with the antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotics have a difficult time penetrating their cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a member of a large group of microorganisms that include yeasts and molds?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that can either kill or inhibit the spread of an infectious agent?

    <p>Anti-infective agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of antimicrobial resistance?

    <p>The development of drug-resistant strains of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a superbug?

    <p>An organism that is resistant to three or more different types of drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of infections caused by resistant organisms?

    <p>They cost more to treat and increase the length of hospital stays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are beta-lactamases?

    <p>Enzymes that give bacteria resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria are penicillin and other cell wall synthesis inhibitors effective against?

    <p>Bacteria with cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why many organisms have become resistant to penicillin over time?

    <p>Genetic adaptation of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of synthetic penicillins was created after World War II?

    <p>Second generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infections can penicillins be used to treat?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which medical condition is penicillin G still the drug of choice for many infections?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which prophylactic treatment is penicillin used in patients with rheumatic or heart disease?

    <p>Dental procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs have mechanisms of action that only suppress or slow bacterial growth?

    <p>Bacteriostatic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that can either kill or inhibit the spread of an infectious agent?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infections can penicillins be used to treat?

    <p>Bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an invasion of body tissue by disease-producing pathogens that multiply and produce toxins that react in a dangerous way and produce illness in a host organism?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics?

    <p>Nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that are usually present on the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina of a healthy individual and do not cause infection?

    <p>Normal flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why many organisms have become resistant to penicillin over time?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that kill bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>They have a complex cell wall with an outer capsule and two cell wall membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that lives on or in a human and relies on the human for its food and other functions?

    <p>Parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is often used interchangeably with antibiotics?

    <p>Antimicrobials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a superbug?

    <p>A strain of bacteria that has become resistant to multiple antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs interfere with the creation and repair of bacterial cell walls?

    <p>Antibiotic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of synthetic penicillins is more powerful than previous generations against susceptible bacteria?

    <p>Fourth-generation penicillins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes drugs that are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>Broad-spectrum drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that limit or slow the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Antineoplastic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria are penicillin and other cell wall synthesis inhibitors effective against?

    <p>Bacteria with cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why many organisms have become resistant to penicillin over time?

    <p>Excessive use of penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that kill bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of synthetic penicillins was created after World War II?

    <p>Second generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of pseudomembranous colitis caused by overgrowth of C. diff?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are beta-lactamases?

    <p>Enzymes that break down beta-lactam antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the definition of antimicrobial resistance?

    <p>The ability of an organism to resist the killing or growth-suppressing effects of anti-infective drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe bacteria that are resistant to three or more different types of drugs to which they were once susceptible?

    <p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an urgent drug-resistant threat according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are beta-lactamases?

    <p>Enzymes that some bacteria produce that give them resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is often used interchangeably with antibiotics?

    <p>Antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that lives on or in a human and relies on the human for its food and other functions?

    <p>Antiparasitic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that kill bacteria?

    <p>Antibacterial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of antimicrobial drugs?

    <p>To kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is often used interchangeably with antibiotics?

    <p>Antibacterial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that limit or slow the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Antibacterial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of antimicrobial drugs?

    <p>To inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do first-line antitubercular drugs refer to?

    <p>Drugs that are used as the initial treatment for tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is often used interchangeably with antibiotics?

    <p>Antibacterials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an invasion of body tissue by disease-producing pathogens that multiply and produce toxins that react in a dangerous way and produce illness in a host organism?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of synthetic penicillins was created after World War II?

    <p>Second-generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs have mechanisms of action that kill bacteria?

    <p>Antibacterials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a strategy to prevent yeast infections?

    <p>Using probiotic bacteria with an antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microorganisms have cell features that are similar to those of human cells?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microorganisms can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe drugs that can either kill or inhibit the spread of bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoans?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics?

    <p>Liver and kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of antibiotic therapy for most infections?

    <p>10-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of pseudomembranous colitis caused by overgrowth of C. diff?

    <p>Excessive watery, bloody diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why it is important for patients to complete the full course of antibiotic therapy?

    <p>To prevent drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes drugs that are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>Broad-spectrum drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that can either kill or inhibit the spread of an infectious agent?

    <p>Antimicrobial drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria are penicillin and other cell wall synthesis inhibitors effective against?

    <p>Gram-positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that limit or slow the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Bacteriostatic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a normal flora organism in the bowel that can cause infection in the urinary tract if present in excessive amounts or in the wrong place?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the number of different specific organisms a drug is effective against?

    <p>Spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of microorganisms exists by absorbing nutrients from a host organism and includes yeasts and molds?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is caused by an invasion of body tissue by disease-producing pathogens that multiply and produce toxins?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common and expected side effect of anti-infective therapy, especially antibacterial drugs?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that are neither killed nor suppressed by anti-infective drugs?

    <p>Resistant organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about drug-resistant strains of bacteria?

    <p>They increase the length of hospital stays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an enzyme that some bacteria produce to resist beta-lactam antibiotics?

    <p>Penicillinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of bacterial resistance to penicillin?

    <p>Decreased effectiveness of penicillin against bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of synthetic penicillins is still the drug of choice for many infections?

    <p>First generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why many organisms have become resistant to penicillin over time?

    <p>Overuse and misuse of penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe bacteria that are resistant to three or more different types of drugs to which they were once susceptible?

    <p>Superbugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that kill bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should breast-feeding be avoided during antimicrobial therapy?

    <p>Antimicrobial drugs can be harmful to infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of normal flora organisms?

    <p>They are considered nonpathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an organism that is expected to cause infection even among people with a strong immune system?

    <p>Pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for infection?

    <p>Poor nutritional status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can antibiotic use potentially cause in the body?

    <p>Yeast or fungal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible side effect of tetracycline antibiotics?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about fluoroquinolone antibiotics?

    <p>They can cause tendonitis and tendon rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that kill or slow the reproduction of bacteria only?

    <p>Antibacterials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that have the purpose of killing or inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms?

    <p>Antimicrobial drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics?

    <p>Hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an invasion of body tissue by disease-producing pathogens that multiply and produce toxins that react in a dangerous way and produce illness in a host organism?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why it is important for patients to complete the full course of antibiotic therapy?

    <p>To prevent infection recurrence and drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are beta-lactamases?

    <p>Enzymes produced by some bacteria to resist beta-lactam antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about probiotic bacteria?

    <p>Probiotic bacteria can prevent yeast infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>They have a complex cell wall with two membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about fungi?

    <p>Fungal infections are called mycosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about viral infections?

    <p>Viral infections can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of anti-infective therapy, especially antibacterial drugs?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe organisms that are neither killed nor suppressed by anti-infective drugs?

    <p>Resistant organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an urgent drug-resistant threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?

    <p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are beta-lactamases?

    <p>Enzymes that give bacteria resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a bacteriostatic drug?

    <p>Macrolides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of broad-spectrum drugs?

    <p>They are effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that limit or slow the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Bacteriostatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about penicillins?

    <p>They interfere with the creation and repair of bacterial cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria are penicillins effective against?

    <p>Gram-positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drug of choice for many infections, including syphilis and certain types of endocarditis?

    <p>Penicillin G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of synthetic penicillins is still the drug of choice for many infections?

    <p>First generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that are used to prevent bacterial endocarditis in patients with heart disease before dental procedures or surgery?

    <p>Prophylactic treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infections are penicillins commonly used for?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that kill bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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