Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of dose refers to the amount taken at one time?
What type of dose refers to the amount taken at one time?
Which factor is NOT typically considered when determining the dose for a pediatric patient?
Which factor is NOT typically considered when determining the dose for a pediatric patient?
What does the term 'dosage regimen' refer to?
What does the term 'dosage regimen' refer to?
Which of these may be a reason for adjusting a drug dose?
Which of these may be a reason for adjusting a drug dose?
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Which dose calculation is primarily based on a patient’s body surface area?
Which dose calculation is primarily based on a patient’s body surface area?
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Which of the following best describes the minimum dose?
Which of the following best describes the minimum dose?
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What can affect the action of a drug, according to various factors?
What can affect the action of a drug, according to various factors?
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What characteristic does NOT influence the dose of a drug?
What characteristic does NOT influence the dose of a drug?
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When utilizing dosing tables and nomograms, what is essential for accurate calculations?
When utilizing dosing tables and nomograms, what is essential for accurate calculations?
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What is the higher limit of the dose called that can be tolerated by an average individual?
What is the higher limit of the dose called that can be tolerated by an average individual?
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Using Clark’s formula, calculate the dose for a child weighing 12 lbs.
Using Clark’s formula, calculate the dose for a child weighing 12 lbs.
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What is the primary advantage of using body surface area (BSA) in drug dosage calculations?
What is the primary advantage of using body surface area (BSA) in drug dosage calculations?
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Calculate the dose of chlorambucil for a person weighing 154 lbs, using the standard dosage of 150 mcg/kg.
Calculate the dose of chlorambucil for a person weighing 154 lbs, using the standard dosage of 150 mcg/kg.
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What is the maximum daily dosage of chlorothiazide for a child?
What is the maximum daily dosage of chlorothiazide for a child?
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Which equation represents the body surface area (BSA) for a patient based on height and weight?
Which equation represents the body surface area (BSA) for a patient based on height and weight?
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If a pediatric dosage of chlorothiazide is 10 to 20 mg/kg/day, how much should be administered to a child weighing 48 lbs?
If a pediatric dosage of chlorothiazide is 10 to 20 mg/kg/day, how much should be administered to a child weighing 48 lbs?
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Which statement about the use of nomograms in BSA calculations is correct?
Which statement about the use of nomograms in BSA calculations is correct?
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What is the weight equivalent of 150 lbs in kilograms, commonly used in drug dosage calculations?
What is the weight equivalent of 150 lbs in kilograms, commonly used in drug dosage calculations?
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At what dose per kg should chlorothiazide be administered to a child weighing 20 kg?
At what dose per kg should chlorothiazide be administered to a child weighing 20 kg?
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What is the relationship between body weight and drug dosage for children?
What is the relationship between body weight and drug dosage for children?
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How many doses are contained in 10 g of a drug if each dose is 200 mg?
How many doses are contained in 10 g of a drug if each dose is 200 mg?
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How many teaspoonfuls would be prescribed in each dose of an elixir if 180 mL contains 18 doses?
How many teaspoonfuls would be prescribed in each dose of an elixir if 180 mL contains 18 doses?
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How many drops of a liquid medicine would be prescribed in each dose if 15 mL contains 60 doses, with 32 drops/mL?
How many drops of a liquid medicine would be prescribed in each dose if 15 mL contains 60 doses, with 32 drops/mL?
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What is the dose for a child of 8 years if the adult dose is 60 mg, using Young’s Formula?
What is the dose for a child of 8 years if the adult dose is 60 mg, using Young’s Formula?
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If the maximum daily dose of a drug is 120 mg, how much should be given to a child of 15 years?
If the maximum daily dose of a drug is 120 mg, how much should be given to a child of 15 years?
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What would be the dose for a 6-month-old infant if the adult dose of a drug is 50 mg?
What would be the dose for a 6-month-old infant if the adult dose of a drug is 50 mg?
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If a patient splits a 20-mg unscored tablet and the halves differ by 1.5 mg, what is the amount of drug in each half-tablet?
If a patient splits a 20-mg unscored tablet and the halves differ by 1.5 mg, what is the amount of drug in each half-tablet?
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For a dose of 60 mg for a 6-year-old child, what is the calculated dose using Young’s Formula?
For a dose of 60 mg for a 6-year-old child, what is the calculated dose using Young’s Formula?
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How many doses are there in 1 pint of medicine if each dose is 1 tablespoon?
How many doses are there in 1 pint of medicine if each dose is 1 tablespoon?
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Using Clark’s rule, how much should be given to a child weighing 150 lbs if the adult dose is 100 mg?
Using Clark’s rule, how much should be given to a child weighing 150 lbs if the adult dose is 100 mg?
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Study Notes
Calculation of Doses
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Objectives: Differentiate dose types, describe drug administration routes and dosage forms, calculate doses using household measures, determine medication quantities for a prescribed period, consider factors for pediatric and elderly patients, calculate doses based on age, weight, and body surface area, use dosing tables and nomograms, and calculate doses for single and combination chemotherapy.
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Dose: The quantitative amount of a drug administered or taken for the intended medicinal effect. It can be a single dose (amount taken at one time), daily dose, or total dose (amount taken through therapy). Daily doses can be divided and taken multiple times a day, depending on the drug and condition.
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Dosage Regimen: A schedule for administering doses (e.g., four times a day for ten days).
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Minimum Dose: The lower limit essential for a therapeutic response.
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Maximum Dose: The upper limit tolerated by an average individual.
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Factors Affecting Dose & Action: Age, weight, gender, disease severity, health/nutrition, pathological state, tolerance, simultaneous drug administration, timing/frequency of administration, route, idiosyncrasy (unusual reaction), and allergy.
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General Dose Calculation: Number of doses = (Total quantity)/(Size of dose). Ensure units of weight or volume are consistent.
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Example Calculations (Number of Doses): If a 10g dose is 200 mg each, then there are 50 doses. Likewise, 1 pint (473 mL) of medicine with a 15 mL tablespoon dose, results in approximately 31 doses.
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Example Calculations (Size of a Dose): If 180 mL of medicine contains 18 doses, then each dose is 10 mL (approximately 2 teaspoonfuls).
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Example Calculations (Drops/mL): If 15 mL medication contains 60 doses, and the dropper calibrates at 32 drops/mL, then each dose is 8 drops.
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Example Calculations (Total Quantity): If 2 tablespoonfuls (30 mL) medicine is taken twice daily for 8 days, the total quantity is 480 mL.
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Example Calculation (Tablet Splitting): If a 20mg tablet is split in half, and the two halves differ by 1.5 mg, each half tablet would contain approximately 10.75 mg and 9.25 mg, respectively.
Drug Dosage Based on Age
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Young's Rule: Dose for a child = (Age of child / (Age of child + 12)) × Adult dose.
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Cowling's Rule: Dose for a child = (Age of child / 24) × Adult dose.
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Fried's Rule: Dose for an infant = (Age of infant in months / 150) × Adult dose.
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Clark's Rule: Dose for a child = (Weight of child in lbs / 150) × Adult dose.
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Note: 150 is typically an average adult weight, and values may vary slightly depending on the source.
Drug Dosage Based on Body Weight
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Equation: Patient's dose (mg) = Patient's weight (kg) × Drug dose (mg/kg).
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Example Calculations (Dose Based on Weight): To determine the appropriate dose of chlorambucil for a 154-pound patient, given the 150mcg/kg dose, follow the given calculations in the provided text.
Drug Dosages Based on Body Surface Area (BSA)
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BSA Method: Commonly used for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and pediatric patients (excluding neonates). It considers factors such as age, biochemical, physiologic, functional, pathologic, and immunologic factors.
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Average Adult BSA: Generally considered 1.73 m2.
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BSA Equation: Patient's dose = (Patient's BSA in m² / 1.73 m²) × Drug dose (mg).
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Example Calculations (BSA): Given a 100 mg adult dose, a child with a BSA of 0.83 m² should receive approximately 48 mg.
Nomograms
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Nomogram Use: A graphical tool that determines BSA based on weight and height.
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Nomogram Procedure: Connect the patient's height and weight on the nomogram with a straight line; the intersection with the central column indicates BSA.
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Example Calculations (Nomogram): The provided nomogram allows for visual determination of BSA values based on weight and height data.
Additional Information
- Specific Examples (various ages/conditions): The presented text contains examples of dosage calculations based on age, weight, and BSA.
- Important Considerations: Always check that the units of measurement are consistent throughout any dose calculation to prevent inaccuracies (e.g., convert pounds to kilograms for weight-based calculations).
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Description
This quiz covers the essentials of medication dosing and administration, including different dose types, routes, and dosage forms. You'll learn how to calculate doses for various populations, including pediatric and elderly patients, using practical tools like dosing tables and nomograms.
