Medication Affecting the Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

Which medication is primarily used for managing episodes of acute mania in bipolar disorder?

  • Doxepin
  • Amitriptyline
  • Lithium carbonate (correct)
  • Phenelzine

    • What is a common side effect experienced with tricyclic antidepressants?

  • Dry mouth (correct)
  • Nausea
  • Insomnia
  • Skin rash

    • Which of the following foods should be avoided when taking MAOIs?

  • White bread
  • Green vegetables
  • Aged cheese (correct)
  • Fresh fruit

    • What is a critical nursing action when administering lithium?

    <p>Monitor sodium levels closely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class does amitriptyline belong to?

    <p>Tricyclic antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential interaction must be avoided when taking MAOIs?

    <p>SSRIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is not a common side effect of lithium therapy?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication enhances the levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin by blocking MAOI enzymes?

    <p>Phenelzine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored regularly when administering Valproic Acid?

    <p>CBC levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of atropine?

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the best time to administer HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)?

    <p>At bedtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does ezetimibe (Zetia) perform in the body?

    <p>Inhibits absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient should avoid taking statins altogether?

    <p>A child weighing 66 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key nursing consideration when a patient is prescribed cholestyramine?

    <p>Advise them to take it with a full glass of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is associated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

    <p>Rhabdomyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to increase fiber intake when a patient is on bile-acid sequestrants?

    <p>To promote regular bowel movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of gemfibrozil (Lopid)?

    <p>To decrease triglyceride production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is commonly associated with niacin (Vitamin B3)?

    <p>Flushing of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored when administering warfarin (Coumadin)?

    <p>PT/INR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does heparin primarily perform in the body?

    <p>Activates antithrombin to inhibit thrombus formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of fibrates?

    <p>Gallstones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antidote for warfarin (Coumadin) overdose?

    <p>Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is used to prevent stroke and embolisms?

    <p>Dabigatran (Pradaxa)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant nursing consideration when administering enoxaparin (Lovenox)?

    <p>Monitor for bleeding events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of filgrastim?

    <p>Decreases the risk of infection by stimulating production of neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are potential side effects of albumin administration?

    <p>Circulatory overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate action should a nurse take if a patient shows signs of an acute hemolytic reaction during a blood transfusion?

    <p>STOP the transfusion immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is Whole Blood primarily used?

    <p>Acute blood loss replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of albumin?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of rivaroxaban and apixaban in the prevention of stroke?

    <p>Inhibits factor Xa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following side effects is associated with clopidogrel?

    <p>Rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for administering alteplase?

    <p>Recent surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vital sign should be monitored in a patient receiving epoetin alfa?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should a nurse take when administering aminocaproic acid?

    <p>Assess for thromboembolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication requires administration within three hours of symptoms for ischemic stroke?

    <p>Alteplase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lab values should be monitored during therapy with rivaroxaban?

    <p>Liver function, hemoglobin, and hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is a primary concern after administering abciximab?

    <p>Dysrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is primarily used for anxiety and seizure management?

    <p>Sedative hypnotic anxiolytics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of medications includes atorvastatin and simvastatin?

    <p>Antilipemic agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication is methylxanthines primarily associated with?

    <p>Bronchodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is classified as a direct acting muscle relaxant?

    <p>Dantrolene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of beta-blockers?

    <p>Control blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used for alcohol withdrawal management?

    <p>Lorazepam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class includes medications used to prevent gout attacks?

    <p>Antigout medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is not a type of anticoagulant?

    <p>Clopidogrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is treated with beta2 adrenergic agonists?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medications are ACE inhibitors specifically used for?

    <p>Managing blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is indicated for treating hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Thionamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known as a broad-spectrum antibiotic?

    <p>Amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medications are proton pump inhibitors primarily used for?

    <p>Managing gastric acid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medication Affecting the Nervous System

    • Sedative Hypnotic Anxiolytics - Benzodiazepines: Includes alprazolam (Xanax), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), midazolam (Versed), and chlordiazepoxide (Librium). Used for anxiety, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal, and anesthesia induction/maintenance. Side effects include sedation, amnesia, and dependence/withdrawal. Avoid grapefruit juice. Do not discontinue abruptly.

    • Atypical Anxiolytic/Nonbarbiturate Anxiolytic: Buspirone (Buspar) is used for anxiety, panic disorder, OCD, and PTSD. Mechanism: Binds to serotonin and dopamine receptors in the brain, increasing norepinephrine metabolism. Effects develop slowly (2-4 weeks). Avoid grapefruit juice.

    • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Includes paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), fluoxetine (Prozac), citalopram, and fluvoxamine. Used for anxiety, depression, OCD, and PTSD. Side effects can include sexual dysfunction, weight gain, and insomnia. Monitor for Serotonin Syndrome.

    • Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Includes venlafaxine (Effexor), duloxetine (Cymbalta), and levomilnacipran (Fetzima). Used for depression, anxiety, pain due to fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, and low-back pain. Side effects can include sexual dysfunction, weight loss, etc. Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants. Monitor for Serotonin Syndrome.

    • Atypical Antidepressants: Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban), trazodone (Oleptro), Vilazodone, and Mirtazapine. Different mechanisms of action. Wellbutrin acts as a Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor. Amitriptyline (Elavil), imipramine (Tofranil), Amoxapine, Doxepin, and others are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Side effects vary widely according to specific medication.

    • Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate), isocarboxazid (Marplan). These have strong dietary restrictions to avoid hypertensive crisis. Caution with other medications.

    • Bipolar Disorder - Mood Stabilizers: Lithium carbonate is used to control mood swings in bipolar disorder. Side effects: Fine hand tremors, polyuria, weight gain, kidney toxicity, electrolyte imbalances, fatigue, hypothyroidism, leukocytosis.

    Medication Affecting Pain & Inflammation

    • Salicylates: Aspirin is used for pain, inflammation, fever, and prevention of heart attacks and strokes. Side effects include tinnitus, GI upset, and possible bleeding risks in some cases.

    • Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Excedrin), naproxen (Aleve), ketorolac (Toradol), indomethacin (Indocin). Used for mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation. May have negative GI impacts, bleeding risks, or kidney toxicity.

    • COX-2 Inhibitors: Celecoxib (Celebrex). Used for pain and inflammation but has important risks of cardiovascular issues.

    • Acetaminophen: Tylenol. Used for pain and fever but can cause liver damage if taken in too high of a dose.

    • Opioids: Examples include fentanyl, morphine, dilaudid, oxycodone (Oxycontin). For moderate to severe pain and sedation. Side effects include respiratory depression, sedation, and constipation. Monitor closely and use around-the-clock dosing as needed.

    • Topical Analgesic: Lidocaine (Xylocaine). Used to reduce pain in skin and mucous membranes.

    Medication Affecting Respiratory System

    (This section is quite long, so subheadings for specific categories might be useful)

    Medication Affecting Cardiovascular System

    (This section is quite long, so subheadings for specific categories might be useful)

    Medication Affecting Blood & Coagulation

    (This section is quite long, so subheadings for specific categories might be useful)

    Vitamins & Minerals

    (This section is quite long, so subheadings for specific categories might be useful)

    Medication Affecting Endocrine System

    (This section is quite long, so subheadings for specific categories might be useful.)

    Medication affecting Gastrointestinal System

    (This section is quite long, so subheadings for specific categories might be useful.)

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    Description

    This quiz covers various medications that affect the nervous system, focusing on sedative hypnotics, anxiolytics, and SSRIs. Learn about their uses, mechanisms, side effects, and precautions. Perfect for nursing and healthcare students to test their knowledge on pharmacology.

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