Medication Administration Routes and Techniques

Medication Administration

• Routes of administration:
  • Oral (PO)
  • Topical (T)
  • Parenteral (injectable)
  • Inhalational (INH)
  • Rectal (PR)
  • Vaginal (VAG)
• Factors affecting medication administration:
  • Patient's age, weight, and medical history
  • Medication's half-life, peak, and duration of action
  • Drug interactions and contraindications
  • Route of administration and dosage form
• Medication administration techniques:
  • Oral administration: swallow, chew, or dissolve
  • Parenteral administration: IM, IV, SC, and ID injections
  • Topical administration: creams, ointments, and transdermal patches

Drug Interactions

• Types of drug interactions:
  • Pharmacokinetic interactions: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
  • Pharmacodynamic interactions: additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects
  • Pharmacogenetic interactions: genetic variations affecting drug response
• Factors influencing drug interactions:
  • Polypharmacy (multiple medications)
  • Age, weight, and medical history
  • Enzyme inducers and inhibitors
  • Food and drug interactions
• Examples of drug interactions:
  • Warfarin and antibiotics: increased bleeding risk
  • MAOIs and SSRIs: serotonin syndrome
  • Grapefruit juice and statins: increased statin levels

Patient Education

• Importance of patient education:
  • Improves medication adherence and efficacy
  • Reduces medication errors and adverse effects
  • Enhances patient autonomy and empowerment
• Patient education strategies:
  • Verbal and written instructions
  • Demonstration and return demonstration
  • Medication calendars and reminders
  • Patient education materials and resources
• Key elements of patient education:
  • Medication name, dosage, and frequency
  • Administration techniques and precautions
  • Potential side effects and adverse reactions
  • Monitoring and follow-up instructions

Pharmacodynamics

• Definition: study of the effects of drugs on the body
• Key concepts:
  • Receptor binding and activation
  • Dose-response relationships
  • Agonism and antagonism
  • Efficacy and potency
• Pharmacodynamic mechanisms:
  • Chemical messenger systems (e.g., neurotransmitters)
  • Enzyme inhibition and activation
  • Ion channel modulation
  • Gene expression and transcription

Pharmacokinetics

• Definition: study of the movement of drugs through the body
• Key concepts:
  • Absorption (A)
  • Distribution (D)
  • Metabolism (M)
  • Excretion (E)
• Pharmacokinetic parameters:
  • Half-life (t1/2)
  • Peak concentration (Cmax)
  • Time to peak (Tmax)
  • Bioavailability (F)
• Factors influencing pharmacokinetics:
  • Age, weight, and medical history
  • Renal and hepatic function
  • Enzyme inducers and inhibitors
  • Food and drug interactions

Medication Administration

• Routes of administration include oral, topical, parenteral, inhalational, rectal, and vaginal.
• Factors affecting medication administration include patient's age, weight, and medical history, as well as medication's half-life, peak, and duration of action.
• Medication administration techniques include oral administration by swallowing, chewing, or dissolving, and parenteral administration by IM, IV, SC, and ID injections.

Drug Interactions

• Types of drug interactions include pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacogenetic interactions.
• Pharmacokinetic interactions affect absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
• Pharmacodynamic interactions exhibit additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects.
• Factors influencing drug interactions include polypharmacy, age, weight, and medical history, as well as enzyme inducers and inhibitors.
• Examples of drug interactions include Warfarin and antibiotics, MAOIs and SSRIs, and Grapefruit juice and statins.

Patient Education

• Patient education improves medication adherence and efficacy, reduces medication errors and adverse effects, and enhances patient autonomy and empowerment.
• Patient education strategies include verbal and written instructions, demonstration and return demonstration, and medication calendars and reminders.
• Key elements of patient education include medication name, dosage, and frequency, as well as administration techniques and precautions.

Pharmacodynamics

• Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of drugs on the body.
• Key concepts include receptor binding and activation, dose-response relationships, agonism and antagonism, and efficacy and potency.
• Pharmacodynamic mechanisms involve chemical messenger systems, enzyme inhibition and activation, ion channel modulation, and gene expression and transcription.

Pharmacokinetics

• Pharmacokinetics studies the movement of drugs through the body.
• Key concepts include absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
• Pharmacokinetic parameters include half-life, peak concentration, time to peak, and bioavailability.
• Factors influencing pharmacokinetics include age, weight, and medical history, as well as renal and hepatic function, and enzyme inducers and inhibitors.

Learn about different routes of medication administration, factors affecting medication administration, and various medication administration techniques. This quiz covers oral, topical, parenteral, inhalational, rectal, and vaginal routes of administration.