Questions and Answers
What is the correct position for administering a rectal suppository?
How deep should a vaginal suppository be inserted?
Which technique should be used when administering eye drops?
What is the recommended action after placing drops in the patient's eye?
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What should be done when administering ear drops to a child under 3 years of age?
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What is an advantage of subcutaneous administration of drugs?
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Which needle gauge and length is typically used for adults of normal weight for subcutaneous injection?
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What is the recommended administration angle for a subcutaneous injection in obese patients?
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What method is not a form of intravenous administration?
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Why should sites for subcutaneous injection be rotated?
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Which solution is classified as hypertonic?
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What is the preferred site for venipuncture in infants?
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Which characteristic is NOT desirable when selecting a vein for venipuncture?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of volume expander?
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When is it preferred to use the client’s nondominant hand/arm for venipuncture?
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What are the primary forms of non-parenteral medication administration?
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Which medication administration route should never have enteric-coated or time-released medications crushed?
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Which statement about transdermal medication delivery is true?
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What is the recommended posture for a patient taking oral medications?
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What protocol should be followed after using a steroid inhalation?
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Which common medication error involves administering medication to an incorrect patient?
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What is a key guideline for sublingual and buccal medication administration?
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Which statement correctly describes the inhalation route of medication administration?
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What is a primary indication of extravasation at an IV site?
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What is a common symptom of circulatory overload?
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Which action should be taken immediately if a patient shows signs of speed shock?
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What condition is indicated by redness and swelling at the IV site, suggesting superficial thrombophlebitis?
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What should be done if infiltration occurs during an IV infusion?
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Which of the following is a sign of an air embolism?
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What is an effective method to prevent infection at the IV site?
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Which statement about needle selection is correct?
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What is a symptom of the infiltration that is not typically present in extravasation?
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What intervention is recommended for superficial thrombophlebitis?
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Study Notes
Medication Administration Overview
- Understand the 10 Rights of Medication Administration to ensure safe practices.
- Common medication errors include wrong medication, incorrect dose, allergic reactions, and improper prescription details.
Non-Parenteral Routes
- Oral/Enteral: Administration via mouth; common forms include liquids, capsules, and tablets. Not suitable for patients unable to swallow, have decreased consciousness, or lack a gag reflex.
- Transdermal: Medications delivered via skin patches; the skin site should be clean and dry. Rotate patch sites to prevent irritation and always remove old patches before applying new ones.
- Inhalation: Drugs are atomized and delivered through the respiratory tract. Important to rinse the mouth after steroid use; utilize spacers to prevent thrush.
- Sublingual and Buccal: Sublingual is placed under the tongue; buccal is between the gum and cheek, ensuring fast absorption without eating or drinking until dissolved.
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Suppositories:
- Rectal: Inserted into the rectum; requires lubricants and should be kept in place for 5 minutes.
- Vaginal: Administered to women; the insertion is made along the posterior vaginal wall and should remain undisplaced for at least 5 minutes.
- Instillation: Precise techniques for eye, ear, and nasal drops to optimize delivery and absorbance of medication.
Parenteral Routes
- Subcutaneous: Administers medication into the fatty layer; appropriate sites include upper arm, thigh, and abdomen. Rotate injection sites and avoid massages for insulin injections to control absorption rates.
- Intravenous: Direct delivery into the bloodstream via veins. Suitable for irritating medications, and can be administered through large volume, intermittent infusion, or IV push methods. Monitor ionic solutions used.
Venipuncture and Vein Selection
- Choose the venipuncture site based on client’s age, infusion duration, and vein condition. Common sites include arms and hand for adults, and scalp or dorsal foot for infants.
- Utilize distal and non-dominant veins; prefer veins that are soft, full, and natural splinted.
Watchouts in IV Administration
- Infiltration: Occurs when the needle exits the vein; symptoms include swelling and coldness, requiring immediate site disconnection and relocation.
- Extravasation: Irritating fluids escape into tissue, leading to redness and swelling; stop infusion and apply thermal therapy.
- Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation due to vein overuse; presents with tenderness and slight edema; requires immediate cessation of infusion.
- Air Embolism: Entry of air into the bloodstream; results in low BP and dizziness; position the patient on the left side and notify medical staff immediately.
- Speed Shock: Rapid IV push can result in adverse reactions such as headaches and rapid pulse. Monitor vital signs and adjust infusion rates accordingly.
- Infection: Signs include fever and swelling at the IV site; enforce aseptic technique and routine dressing changes.
- Circulatory Overload: Caused by excessive IV fluid administration, leading to hypertension and dyspnea; monitor infusion rate closely.
Needle and Syringe Selection
- Needle sizes are defined by gauge and length; larger gauge numbers indicate a smaller needle diameter. Ensure selection matches patient needs for effective medication delivery.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the 10 Rights of Medication Administration and common medication errors. This quiz covers various non-parenteral routes including oral, transdermal, inhalation, sublingual, and buccal methods. Ensure you understand best practices for safe medication administration.
