Medical Terminology (PHT 102) Quiz

Medical Terminology (PHT 102) Handout

• The handout covers medical terminology, including basic term components, the medical record, the body as a whole, circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, central nervous system, and the eye.
• Medical terms originate primarily from Greek and Latin.
• Medical terms are structured using roots, suffixes, and prefixes
• Prefixes modify the root or roots
• Suffixes add essential meaning to the root.
• Combining forms join roots.
• Combining vowels (commonly "o") connect roots or roots to suffixes
• Rules for forming and spelling medical terms are given.
• Medical suffixes are categorized into symptomatic, diagnostic, operative, and general.
• Common prefixes and suffixes are provided for memorization.
• Rules for pronounciation of medical terms are given.
• Medical Record Abbreviations are listed.
• Common medical record terms related to disease are included
• Diseases, disorders, and diagnostic terms for each body-related system are included.
• Surgical and therapeutic interventions are described.

Section 1: Basic Term Components

• Medical terms stem from Greek and Latin origins
• Term components (prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms) are essential to understanding medical terms.
• Analyzing term components can help deduce the meaning of medical terms.
• Basic rules for proper medical term formation, pronunciation, and spelling are presented.

Section 2: The Medical Record

• The history and physical is a cornerstone of patient care. This record documents the patient's medical history and physical examination findings.
• Subjective information is obtained from the patient, including the chief complaint, history of present illness and other symptoms
• Objective data includes physical examination findings and results of diagnostic tests.
• Impression, diagnosis, or assessment is made after evaluation of all data.

Section 3: The Body as a Whole

• The human body is organized from atoms to the organism level.
• Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form systems, and systems form the organism.
• Cells work together to form tissues
• Tissues create organs
• Organs work together to create organ systems
• Systems work together to create an entire organism.
• Major body systems, including muscular, skeletal, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive, integumentary, nervous, and endocrine are listed.

Section 4: The Circulatory System

• The circulatory system comprises the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.
• The cardiovascular system transports blood and gases.
• The heart consists of four chambers (two atria and two ventricles)
• The heart's walls consist of three layers (outer epicardium, middle myocardium, and inner endocardium).
• The heart has valves (tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary semilunar, and aortic) that ensure one-way blood flow.
• Components of the cardiovascular system, including blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins), are described.

Section 5: The Respiratory System

• The respiratory system, also known as the pulmonary system, is responsible for delivering oxygen to, and removing carbon dioxide from, the body's tissues.
• The respiratory system includes the nose, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, laryngopharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs.
• Structures of the respiratory system and their functions are described.
• Structures of the respiratory system, including the diaphragm, pleura, and lungs, are essential to understand.
• Diseases, disorders, and diagnostic terms for the respiratory system are discussed.

Section 6: The Digestive System

• The digestive system includes the alimentary canal and accessory organs, like the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands.
• Digestion involves ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination of food.
• Organs of the digestive system, including the lips, teeth, gums, tongue, mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and rectum), are listed.
• Accessory organs of the digestive system, such as the gallbladder, liver, pancreas, and salivary glands, are mentioned and their purpose described.

Section 7: The Urinary System

• The urinary system, also called the renal system, is responsible for eliminating waste products from the body.
• The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
• Structures and functions of each component of the urinary system are detailed
• Pathological conditions related to the urinary system, such as stone formation, are also described.

Section 8: The Central Nervous System

• The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord
• Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by bone and the meninges
• The meninges consist of three layers
• Parts of the brain and spinal cord are listed, including the cranium, spinal vertebrae, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges (dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater).

Section 9: The Eye

• The eye has several components (sclera, iris, cornea, pupil, lens, ciliary body and muscle, conjunctival, retina, optic nerve, macula, retinal blood vessels, vitreous body)
• Combining forms associated with the eye and their meanings are detailed
• Diseases, disorders, and diagnostic terms, as well as methods of treatment or diagnosis are included.
• Operative terms related to the eyes are listed.