Medical Terminology (PHT 102) Quiz

The handout covers medical terminology, including basic term components, the medical record, the body as a whole, circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, central nervous system, and the eye.
Medical terms originate primarily from Greek and Latin.
Medical terms are structured using roots, suffixes, and prefixes
Prefixes modify the root or roots
Suffixes add essential meaning to the root.
Combining forms join roots.
Combining vowels (commonly "o") connect roots or roots to suffixes
Rules for forming and spelling medical terms are given.
Medical suffixes are categorized into symptomatic, diagnostic, operative, and general.
Common prefixes and suffixes are provided for memorization.
Rules for pronounciation of medical terms are given.
Medical Record Abbreviations are listed.
Common medical record terms related to disease are included
Diseases, disorders, and diagnostic terms for each body-related system are included.
Surgical and therapeutic interventions are described.

Medical terms stem from Greek and Latin origins
Term components (prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms) are essential to understanding medical terms.
Analyzing term components can help deduce the meaning of medical terms.
Basic rules for proper medical term formation, pronunciation, and spelling are presented.

The history and physical is a cornerstone of patient care. This record documents the patient's medical history and physical examination findings.
Subjective information is obtained from the patient, including the chief complaint, history of present illness and other symptoms
Objective data includes physical examination findings and results of diagnostic tests.
Impression, diagnosis, or assessment is made after evaluation of all data.

The human body is organized from atoms to the organism level.
Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form systems, and systems form the organism.
Cells work together to form tissues
Tissues create organs
Organs work together to create organ systems
Systems work together to create an entire organism.
Major body systems, including muscular, skeletal, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive, integumentary, nervous, and endocrine are listed.

The circulatory system comprises the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.
The cardiovascular system transports blood and gases.
The heart consists of four chambers (two atria and two ventricles)
The heart's walls consist of three layers (outer epicardium, middle myocardium, and inner endocardium).
The heart has valves (tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary semilunar, and aortic) that ensure one-way blood flow.
Components of the cardiovascular system, including blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins), are described.

The respiratory system, also known as the pulmonary system, is responsible for delivering oxygen to, and removing carbon dioxide from, the body's tissues.
The respiratory system includes the nose, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, laryngopharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs.
Structures of the respiratory system and their functions are described.
Structures of the respiratory system, including the diaphragm, pleura, and lungs, are essential to understand.
Diseases, disorders, and diagnostic terms for the respiratory system are discussed.

The digestive system includes the alimentary canal and accessory organs, like the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands.
Digestion involves ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination of food.
Organs of the digestive system, including the lips, teeth, gums, tongue, mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and rectum), are listed.
Accessory organs of the digestive system, such as the gallbladder, liver, pancreas, and salivary glands, are mentioned and their purpose described.

The urinary system, also called the renal system, is responsible for eliminating waste products from the body.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Structures and functions of each component of the urinary system are detailed
Pathological conditions related to the urinary system, such as stone formation, are also described.

The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord
Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by bone and the meninges
The meninges consist of three layers
Parts of the brain and spinal cord are listed, including the cranium, spinal vertebrae, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges (dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater).

The eye has several components (sclera, iris, cornea, pupil, lens, ciliary body and muscle, conjunctival, retina, optic nerve, macula, retinal blood vessels, vitreous body)
Combining forms associated with the eye and their meanings are detailed
Diseases, disorders, and diagnostic terms, as well as methods of treatment or diagnosis are included.
Operative terms related to the eyes are listed.