Medical Terminology Flashcards

Medical Terminology

• Encephalology: Study of the head, including structures and functions.
• Cardiology: Focused on the heart and its anatomy.
• Myology: Examines muscles and their structures.
• Gastrology: Involves the study of the stomach's functions and disorders.
• Bronchoscope: Device used for examining the lungs and bronchi.
• Endotoscope: Instrument designed for ear examination.
• Vaginal Speculum: Instrument for visual examination of the cervix.
• Proctoscope: Tool for examining the rectum and surrounding areas.
• Arthroscope: Used to investigate joint health and function.
• Laparoscopy: Technique for viewing the abdominal cavity.

Instruments and Procedures

• Opthalmoscope: Instrument for examining the interior of the eyes, not classified as an endoscope.
• Endoscope: Medical device equipped with a light for internal body examination.
• Biopsy: Procedure for diagnosing diseases by sampling tissue.

Cavities and Anatomical Spaces

• Cranial Cavity: Located within the dorsal cavity, encases the brain.
• Vertebral Cavity: Also in the dorsal cavity, houses the spinal cord.
• Thoracic Cavity: Part of the ventral cavity, contains heart and lungs.
• Abdominal Cavity: In the ventral cavity, includes the digestive organs.
• Pelvic Cavity: Encloses reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum in the ventral cavity.
• Diaphragm: Muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities.
• Mediastinum: Central compartment between the lungs, supports vital organs like the heart and trachea.
• Pleural Cavity: Encloses the lungs.
• Peritoneal Cavity: Contains the liver and other abdominal organs.
• Pericardial Cavity: Encloses the heart.

Anatomical Prefixes

• Peri (Prefix): Means "around," as in pericardial cavity (around the heart).

Anatomical Regions and Terms

• Acromial: Relates to the shoulder area.
• Axilliary: Refers to the armpit region.
• Antebrachial: Describes the front of the upper arm.
• Brachial: Pertains to the upper arm itself.
• Buccal: Refers to the cheek or wall of the oral cavity.
• Carpal: Pertains to the wrist region.
• Cephalic: Relates to the head.
• Costal: Associated with the ribs.
• Cubital: Refers to the elbow.
• Digital: Relates to fingers and toes.

Muscle and Body Functions

• Thenar Eminence: Muscles that manipulate the thumb.
• Thenar Web: Muscles responsible for adducting the thumb.
• Hypothenar: Muscles that control the little finger.
• Femoral: Pertains to the upper leg (femur).
• Gastric: Related to the stomach.

Other Anatomical Terms

• Genital: Pertains to sex and reproductive organs.
• Gluteal: Refers to the muscles of the buttocks.
• Inguinal: Describes the groin area.
• Lumbar: Lower back region, lateral to the umbilicus.
• Mental: Referring to the chin or mandible.
• Nasal: Relates to the nose.
• Occipital: Back region of the skull.
• Oral: Pertains to the mouth.
• Orbital: Refers to the eye region.
• Otic: Pertains to the ear.
• Palmar: Relates to the front of the hands.
• Patellar: Refers to the knee cap.
• Pectoral: Pertains to the chest area.
• Pedal: Related to the foot.
• Perineal: Refers to the area around the anus.
• Plantar: Refers to the sole of the foot.
• Popliteal: Refers to the back of the knee region.
• Sacral: Pertains to the back part of the pelvic region.
• Sternal: Relates to the middle of the chest.
• Tarsal: Refers to the ankle and associated bones.