Medical Terminology Final Exam Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does arterionecrosis refer to?

  • A pathological change of the tissues due to disease
  • Abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries
  • Tissue death of an artery or arteries (correct)
  • An abnormal passage between two internal organs

What is the meaning of arteriosclerosis?

Abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

What is the definition of a fistula?

An abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body

What does the term lesion refer to?

<p>A pathological change of the tissues due to disease or injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define fissure.

<p>A groove or crack-like sore of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pyrosis?

<p>The burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does mycosis describe?

<p>Any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is myelitis?

<p>Inflammation of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define myolysis.

<p>Degeneration of muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-rrhage' indicate?

<p>Bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-rrhaphy' mean?

<p>Surgical suturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define dorsal.

<p>Refers to the back of the organ or body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ventral refer to?

<p>Refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of '-rrhexis'?

<p>Rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define mesentery.

<p>A fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the peritoneum?

<p>A multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define aplasia.

<p>The defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperplasia refer to?

<p>The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hypoplasia?

<p>The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Down's syndrome?

<p>A genetic variation associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define hemophilia.

<p>A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Huntington's disease?

<p>A genetic disorder that causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define superior.

<p>Above or toward the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lateral mean?

<p>Toward, or nearer, the side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is arthroscopic surgery?

<p>A minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define arthrodesis.

<p>The surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does arthrolysis mean?

<p>The surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is kyphosis?

<p>An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define lordosis.

<p>Abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does scoliosis refer to?

<p>An abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the acetabulum?

<p>Hip socket</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define allogenic.

<p>Originating within another</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does autologous mean?

<p>Originating within an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lumbago?

<p>Pain of the lumbar region of the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does singutus refer to?

<p>Hiccups</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is spasmodic torticollis?

<p>A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define paraplegia.

<p>Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does quadriplegia mean?

<p>Paralysis of all four extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is atonic?

<p>Lacking normal muscle tone or strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define ataxia.

<p>Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does myorrhaphy refer to?

<p>Surgical suturing of a muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is myoclonus?

<p>The sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define sphincter.

<p>Ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does oblique mean?

<p>Slanted or at an angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an atherectomy?

<p>Surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does carotid endarterectomy refer to?

<p>The surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define bradycardia.

<p>Abnormally slow resting heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does tachycardia mean?

<p>Abnormally rapid heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is myelodysplastic syndrome?

<p>A group of bone marrow disorders characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define leukemia.

<p>A type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hematopenia?

<p>Deficiency of blood in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does leukopenia refer to?

<p>A decrease in the number of white blood cells circulating in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thrombocytosis?

<p>An abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

<p>An episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atrium or in the AV node</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ventricular fibrillation?

<p>Consists of rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does aneurysm refer to?

<p>A localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define lymphangioma.

<p>A benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lymphoma refer to?

<p>A general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is osteosarcoma?

<p>A hard-tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of the long bones, pelvis, or knee</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define splenorrhagia.

<p>Bleeding from the spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does splenomegaly refer to?

<p>Enlargement of the spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is metastasize?

<p>The process by which cancer spreads from one place to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define Rickettsia.

<p>A small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Spirochetes?

<p>Long, slender spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define Staphylococci.

<p>A group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an immunosuppressant?

<p>A substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a pulmonologist specialize in?

<p>Diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define apnea.

<p>Temporary absence of spontaneous respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cheyne-Stokes respiration?

<p>Irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define dyspnea.

<p>Difficult or labored breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is empyema?

<p>A collection of pus in a body cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pleural effusion refer to?

<p>Excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define tracheostomy.

<p>Surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a tracheotomy?

<p>A procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are alveoli?

<p>The very small grape-like clusters found at the end of each bronchiole</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define bronchioles.

<p>Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Arterionecrosis

Tissue death affecting one or more arteries.

Arteriosclerosis

Abnormal hardening of artery walls, leading to reduced blood flow and increased blood pressure.

Aneurysm

Weak spot or balloon-like enlargement in an artery wall, which can lead to rupture.

Pyrosis

Burning sensation from acidic stomach contents refluxing into the esophagus.

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Mycosis

Term for diseases caused by fungi, impacting various body tissues.

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Lesion

Pathological tissue change resulting from disease or injury.

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-rrhage

Indicates excessive bleeding or fluid discharge.

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-rrhaphy

Refers to surgical suturing.

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Arthroscopy

Minimally invasive surgical procedure for joint treatment.

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Arthrodesis

Surgical fusion of bones to stabilize a joint.

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Atonic

Refers to a lack of normal muscle tone.

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Ataxia

Characterized by lack of coordination during voluntary movements.

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Spasmotic Torticollis

Stiff neck caused by muscle contractions pulling the head to one side.

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Huntington's Disease

Genetic disorder leading to midlife nerve degeneration.

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Down's Syndrome

Genetic condition marked by characteristic facial features and learning disabilities.

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Myelitis

Inflammation of the spinal cord affecting motor function.

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Hemophilia

Group of hereditary disorders resulting in a deficiency of clotting factors.

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Leukemia

Cancer type marked by increased abnormal white blood cells.

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Thrombocytosis

Elevated platelet count in the blood, potentially leading to clotting issues.

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Apnea

Temporary cessation of breathing.

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Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

Alternating pattern of rapid and shallow breathing followed by periods of apnea.

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Pleural Effusion

Excess fluid in the pleural space, leading to respiratory difficulties.

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Dorsal

Pertaining to the back or upper surface of the body.

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Ventral

Pertaining to the front or belly side of the body.

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Kyphosis

Increased outward curvature of the thoracic spine.

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Lordosis

Increased inward curvature of the lumbar spine.

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Scoliosis

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

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Splenomegaly

Enlargement of the spleen, often indicating underlying disease.

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Immunosuppressant

Substance that reduces immune response.

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Spirochetes

Spiral-shaped bacteria capable of movement, associated with certain infections.

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Study Notes

Cardiovascular and Vascular Terminology

  • Arterionecrosis: Tissue death affecting one or more arteries.
  • Arteriosclerosis: Abnormal hardening of artery walls, leading to reduced blood flow and increased blood pressure.
  • Aneurysm: Weak spot or balloon-like enlargement in an artery wall, which can lead to rupture.

Gastrointestinal and Fungal Terminology

  • Pyrosis: Burning sensation from acidic stomach contents refluxing into the esophagus.
  • Mycosis: Term for diseases caused by fungi, impacting various body tissues.
  • Lesion: Pathological tissue change resulting from disease or injury.

Surgical Procedures and Conditions

  • -rrhage: Indicates excessive bleeding or fluid discharge.
  • -rrhaphy: Refers to surgical suturing.
  • Arthroscopy: Minimally invasive surgical procedure for joint treatment.
  • Arthrodesis: Surgical fusion of bones to stabilize a joint.

Movements and Functions

  • Atonic: Refers to a lack of normal muscle tone.
  • Ataxia: Characterized by lack of coordination during voluntary movements.
  • Spasmotic Torticollis: Stiff neck caused by muscle contractions pulling the head to one side.

Neurological and Genetic Disorders

  • Huntington's Disease: Genetic disorder leading to midlife nerve degeneration.
  • Down's Syndrome: Genetic condition marked by characteristic facial features and learning disabilities.
  • Myelitis: Inflammation of the spinal cord affecting motor function.

Blood and Cancer Terminology

  • Hemophilia: Group of hereditary disorders resulting in a deficiency of clotting factors.
  • Leukemia: Cancer type marked by increased abnormal white blood cells.
  • Thrombocytosis: Elevated platelet count in the blood, potentially leading to clotting issues.

Respiratory Terminology

  • Apnea: Temporary cessation of breathing.
  • Cheyne-Stokes Respiration: Alternating pattern of rapid and shallow breathing followed by periods of apnea.
  • Pleural Effusion: Excess fluid in the pleural space, leading to respiratory difficulties.

Anatomical Terms

  • Dorsal: Pertaining to the back or upper surface of the body.
  • Ventral: Pertaining to the front or belly side of the body.
  • Superior: Direction toward the head or upper part of the body.
  • Lateral: Refers to being closer to the sides of the body.

Musculoskeletal Terms

  • Kyphosis: Increased outward curvature of the thoracic spine.
  • Lordosis: Increased inward curvature of the lumbar spine.
  • Scoliosis: Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

Miscellaneous Conditions

  • Empyema: Presence of pus in a body cavity.
  • Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen, often indicating underlying disease.
  • Rickettsia: Bacteria transmitted by parasites like lice and ticks.

Immune System and Infectious Disease

  • Immunosuppressant: Substance that reduces immune response.
  • Spirochetes: Spiral-shaped bacteria capable of movement, associated with certain infections.

Pulmonology Terms

  • Pulmonologist: Physician specializing in respiratory diseases.
  • Tracheostomy: Surgical creation of an opening in the trachea for airway access.
  • Bronchioles: Airways that lead from bronchi to alveoli, essential for gas exchange.

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